Essay on Lady Macbeth by William Shakespeare - 770 Words

Macbeth is Shakespeares shortest tragic play in which the main character, Macbeth, becomes the tragic hero. He begins as a noble lord only to finish as Devilish Macbeth. But who or what is responsible for the tragic downfall of Macbeth? I believe Macbeths is partly responsible for the tragic events that take place, including the murder of King Duncan, Banquo, Lady Macduff and her children. However, Macbeth was influenced by the supernatural witches and by the strict pressure of his wife, Lady Macbeth. The themes of Fate, Ambition, Greed and Manhood are expressed in Macbeths action and his tragic downfall. Firstly, Macbeth is partly responsible for the tragedy that befell him. He has always harboured the desire to be king, as†¦show more content†¦She advises him to hide his fear and to Look like the innocent flower, but be the serpent undert. She convinces him that he must not let this moment of destiny for them pass. She showed ambition and greed early on and infested it into Macbeth. She criticises and threatens Macbeths manhood by comparing him to a cat in the simile Like the poor cat in the story who wanted to eat fish, but would not get its feet wet. Macbeths wife pressured him into committing the first murder which began the chain of events that eventually lead to Macbeths downfall and death. Many people and things could have been accountable for Macbeths demise, but without Lady Macbeth, King Duncans murder and the events proceeding would have not taken place. Macbeth only accepted her initial push due to their marriage. Macbeth would never have decided to attempt the murder of King Duncan because of his nobility. He just needed a push from someone he trusted, and Lady Macbeth was there for him. Without Lady Macbeths initial idea, Macbeths bloody path would have not lit up. Thirdly, The Witches, or the three sisters are also liable for the tragic downfall of Macbeth. The witches have played a significant role in the play, theyre partly responsible for the deaths and tragic events that have happened in Macbeth. The theme of fair is foul and foul is fair is mentioned early. This creates the connection between Macbeth and the witches. TheShow MoreRelatedLady Macbeth By William Shakespeare1520 Words   |  7 PagesLady Macbeth was not evil she was misunderstood Claim thou art, and Cawdor and shalt be what thou art promised. (Quote) In many of his plays, William Shakespeare portrays women as more virtuous than men. Lady Macbeth, strong ambitious women who’s confidence, faithful and capable of almost anything. For example, in endless love, we notice the endless love they both share for each other, where fate still brought them back together even after all the influences affecting jade’s life, the overpoweringRead MoreMacbeth And Lady Macbeth By William Shakespeare1343 Words   |  6 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s epic tragedy, Macbeth, the concept of the every blurry line between good and evil is shown through the two main characters, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. This husband and wife duo begins the play as polar opposites. Lady Macbeth’s maliciousness and drive is clear to the audience the first time she steps on stage in Act One Scene Five. She continues on with these same characteristics, yet in the middle of the drama, there is a distinct change in her attitude and overall role asRead MoreThe Ambition of Lady Macbeth in Macbeth by William Shakespeare894 Words   |  4 PagesThe Ambition of Lady Macbeth in Macbeth by William Shakespeare Timothy Leary once said, Women who seek to be equal with men lack ambition (Peters 175). But is this true in the case of the classic play Macbeth? In Macbeth it seems to be, that Macbeth the protagonist of the play is influence by Lady Macbeths ambition. Could this be an exception or was Lady Macbeth lying when she ask to be equal to a man so she could commit the murder (1.5.33.45-61). To understand one must look deeply into theRead MoreMacbeth And Lady Macbeth By William Shakespeare959 Words   |  4 Pagesoccasion. This is clearly illustrated through Duncan s murder in the story Macbeth between the two characters Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Their responses are shown through their initial reaction to the thought of murdering Duncan, immediately prior to the murder of Duncan, and immediately after the murder of Duncan. Duncan was a kind and good man, and if Macbeth were to kill Duncan, then he would be the bad guy. Macbeth found that there was no reason to kill Duncan other than only for personal gainRead MoreLady Macbeth by William Shakespeare824 Words   |  3 PagesIn Shakespeare play, Macbeth, Lady Macbeth’s character progresses in an interesting manner. Lady Macbeth is made to act as an incentive to Macbeths immoral actions. Even though Macbeth is generally the person to have a final say before killing someone, Lady Macbeth plays the role of his â€Å"sidekick†. She mocks her husband if he worries over a sinful deed (which usually she instructs him to do), saying he would be less of a man if he does not follow through with their plan (I. vii. 56-57). She givesRead MoreLady Macbeth By William Shakespeare1075 Words   |  5 Pages In Shakespeare’s Macbeth, the motif of night is aggressive like the murders they plot and commit. Night dominates day throughout the play since they commit murders which disrupt the natural order of the world. Macbeth â€Å"plays God† by taking someone else’s life and therefore they challenge the Elizabethan order of the world. Acts of chaos, like earthquakes and supernatural events, break loose. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth think the night will cover their treacherous deeds. At first, the idea of murderingRead MoreLady Macbeth, By William Shakespeare Essay1674 Words   |  7 PagesThe obvious reading of this passage would be of Lady Macbeth as domineering and manipulative in pursuit of her own goals. But that reading discounts the loyalty and dedication she has shown to Macbeth and his success. By encouraging violence through questioning his manhood, masculinity and violence become inextricably linked. This connection essentially defines masculinity as violence wit hin the world of Macbeth. The relationship between power, violence, and masculinity alienate women and power andRead MoreLady Macbeth By William Shakespeare1280 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Lady Macbeth is a big character one of the most complex characters within the play. She is a mixture of contradictions she is strong, ambitious, ruthless, weak and manipulative to name a few. In the beginning of the play Lady Macbeth is strong, ruthless and ambitious, in Act1 Sc.3. Lady Macbeth s more ambitious urges lead Macbeth to the path of crime. She is cold and nasty; she shows no emotion when she believes both her and Macbeth’s dreams are under threat. Lady Macbeth believes herRead MoreLady Macbeth By William Shakespeare1536 Words   |  7 PagesIn the play Macbeth, the secondary characters such as Lady Macbeth, the witches, and Macduff influence the theme and plot. One of the most influential female characters in the tragedy is Lady Macbeth; she has a significant impact on Macbeth s life. Throughout Shakespeare’s time’s, women were not treated with respect; they were regarded as their husbands slaves. However, this is not the case in Macbeth’s marriageRead MoreLady Macbeth By William Shakespeare1299 Words   |  6 PagesLady Macbeth was not evil she was misunderstood Claim thou art, and Cawdor and shalt be what thou art promised. (Quote) In many of Shakespeare’s plays, he portrays women more honourable than men. Lady Macbeth is one of the main antagonist, she’s a strong ambitious women who’s strives with confidence and capable of almost anything. For example in the winter tale, the main antagonist Hermonie, we can interpret that Hermione patiently despairing the dilemma within the hands of the dominant Leontes

Thesis guideline Free Essays

PACE Mission To transform PACE Into a Stationery’s that produces world class human resources, products, technologies and information for people empowerment and sustainable development. FOREWORD The purpose of this manual is to serve as a guide to both degree candidates and faculty members in the preparation and final production of the capstone project that meets criteria of a scholarly work In the field of Information Technology (IT). While the excellence of the content of the capstone project is the responsibility of the Oral Examination Committee, Institute of Engineering and Computer Studies prescribes he actual format of the capstone project documentation. We will write a custom essay sample on Thesis guideline or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is done to establish an Institutional standard of presentation and to satisfy other specifications placed upon the College In terms of publishing the final document. The specifications herein are designed for Internal consistency as a measure of reliability. Degree candidates preparing a capstone project are strongly advised to read and follow the style and format of this manual carefully. Introduction A capstone project is a culminating activity that generates an output useful in the development of Information Technology (IT) solutions. This may be but not limited to application development that focuses on software engineering processes or application design that focuses on effective testing procedure or a study on for graduation in the Bachelor of Science in Information Technology programs as indicated in COM # 53, s. 006 or the â€Å"Revised Policies and Standards for IT Education† for the undergraduate program and COM # 7, s. 2010. The capstone project is a terminal project requirement that would not only demonstrate a student’s comprehensive knowledge of the area of study and research methods used but also low them to apply the concepts and methods to a specific problem in his/her area of specialization. BBS Informatio n Technology students must complete a capstone project in the form of an IT application, a Multimedia System development, or an IT Management project. (COM # 53 s. 006 COM # 7 s. 2010) This Capstone Project Manual aims to standardize the process of conducting capstone project in the Institute (ICES) particularly in the field of Information Technology, and thereby improving the quality of capstone project output submitted by students as well as faculty researchers. This manual specifically aims: 1. To come up with a uniform format of writing the documentation of an capstone project in the undergraduate as well as faculty researches or projects; 2. To establish guidelines in the evaluation of capstone projects; 3. To ensure a quality output from our students; and 4. To serve as a guide for faculty members doing capstone project advising. Capstone Project A Capstone Project is an undertaking appropriate to a professional field. It should significantly address an existing problem or need. An Information Technology Capstone Project focuses on the infrastructure, application, or processes involved in introducing a Computing solution to a problem. Scope of the Capstone Project The Capstone Project should integrate the different courses, knowledge, and competencies learned in the curriculum. Students are encouraged to produce innovative results, generate new knowledge or theories, or explore new frontiers of knowledge or application areas. The recommended infrastructure and its implications on other system should be clearly specified in the final report with the introduction of the project. The capstone project adviser should determine the appropriate complexity level of he specific problem being addressed and the proposed solution, considering the duration of the project, the composition of the team, and the resources available. Suggested Areas of study for Capstone Project in Information Technology Following is a list of suggested areas of study. Software Development 0 Software Customization 0 Information System Development for an actual client (with pilot testing) 0 Web Applications Development (with at least alpha testing on live servers) 0 Mobile Computing Systems Multimedia Systems 0 e-Learning Systems 0 Interactive Systems 0 Information Kiosks Network Design and Implementation and Server Farm Configuration and Management IT Management 0 IT Strategic Plan for sufficiently complex enterprises 0 IT Security Analysis, Planning and Implementation Section 1 FORMAL REQUIREMENTS FOR AN APPROVED CAPSTONE PROJECT Project Proposal Preparation and Defense Guidelines 1 . After passing the SAD and Software Engineering Course, the students may start preparing their outline in consultation with their approved adviser and the members of their Advisory committee. The Advisory committee will later also serve as panel to evaluate the paper. 2. The research topic, as much as possible, should be in consonance with the College (PACE) vision and mission and the Institute of Engineering goals and objectives and/or to the local/national research and development thrust. 3. The outline of the proposal should conform to the standard form and style prescribed by the PACE – Institute of Engineering and Computer Extraordinariness of Computer Science and Technology (ICES-DUST). 4. If the Students are ready to defend his/her proposal, and upon the endorsement of the adviser to the Capstone project Coordinator, they shall apply for a schedule at their Course Adviser. Once the schedule is approved, the students should furnished 5 copies of their proposal 3 days before the schedule of defense to be submitted to their Course Adviser. 5. The students defend their proposal to the Advisory committee. The committee may approved the proposal if found totally acceptable or defer approval until the recommendations and suggestions have been included, or rejected it if found unacceptable. If the proposal rejected, the students has to undergo the whole process a new. 6. The capstone project adviser and one of the panelists shall take note of the suggestions and recommendations of the Committee during the defense and should urines a copy to the student and adviser to serve as guide in making revisions and in the conduct of the research. 7. The member of the committee should see to it that their suggestions or recommendations are included in the revised proposal before signing the approval sheet. . A copy of the approved proposal should submit to their Course Adviser Office maximum of one week after the proposal defense for monitoring the record purposes. Requirements and Procedures o The students are given the option to choose their own groupings. O A group is composed of at least two members, three being the maximum. The Composition of the group must be radiotelegraphs the stages of the o If two of the members dropped from the course, the remaining member may continue the proposed project. How to cite Thesis guideline, Papers

Business Events Involving Ethical Issues

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Events Involving Ethical Issues. Answer: Introduction Ethics revolves around the moral principles applied to personal behaviour and businesses in a business environment. In most cases, an ethical company would comply with the appropriate regulations and laws and operate honestly. Such a company competes fairly and offers a flexible environment for the stakeholders like employees, thus balances the interest of all stakeholders (Beauchamp, Bowie, Arnold 2009). Although ethical behaviours may appear to be normal course, unfortunately, some businesses and business people fail to operate ethically. Recently, many companies including Tyco, Enron, Lehman Brothers, HealthSouth, and WorldCom, have captured the attention and hit news headlines because of unethical behaviour leading to corporate scandals and the unfortunate collapse of the companies (Giles 2015). The criminal actions evident from these practices include bribery and corruption, fraud, collusion, tax evasion, and insider dealings (Elkington 1998). Given the significance of the crim inal actions, the article identifies publicly available events involving ethical issues and compares and contrasts the importance of the moral boundaries. The criminal act of the directors, executives, managers, and employees to great organizations brought down the firms. Although some of the companies continue to operate, they have suffered the worst reputation backlash and their results damaged due to loss-making transactions, the payment of compensations, and regulatory fines. The internal fraud scandals damaged Olympus, USB, Allied Irish Banks completely thus bringing to question why everyone in business organization commits financial crime (Giles 2015). Insider Trading Insider dealing is one of the criminal behaviour involving individuals who can access unpublished price-sensitive information. These people would act on this knowledge by purchasing and selling shares illegally to enrich themselves (Shaw, Barry, Issa, Cately 2013). The motive of the scheme is undoubtedly greed and arrogance of the player to seem to be intelligent and influential. With the insider dealing, the conflict of interest is also evident because the player wants to use the sensitive information for personal advantage at the expense of the organization. Technically, insider trading happens when the company broker or senior officer attempts to trade in the firms listed security due to an inside information regarding the listed security (Giles 2015). Just like bribery and corruption, money laundering, fraud, and tax evasion is considered to be a manipulation and abuse of market. The behaviour appears treated seriously in regulations and laws in many countries. For example, in t he European Union, the Markets Abuse Directive is part of the rules applicable in all jurisdictions (Beauchamp et al. 2009). The regulation promotes efficient and clean markets in the region thus allows for timely disclosure of all the sensitive information to the market. The overarching principles that guide the market disclosures include accuracy, transparency, integrity, and consistency. The law dealing with the criminal behaviour differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. For instance, in the United Kingdom, the insider trading is an offence that attracts a maximum prison sentence or an unlimited fine (Shaw et al. 2013). Despite the existence of the Insider Dealing Act in the United Kingdom, the authorities failed to raise the insider trading cases until 2008. In the next six years, the country secured about 24 convictions due to the insider dealings thus confirming the UKs resolve to act on the market manipulation and abuse that led to the global financial crisis (Giles 2015). Like in the UK, the US government took a healthy attitude towards the inside dealings as evident in the Galleon hedge fund case. The case represented a robust crackdown on the Wall Streets involvement in insider trading. According to Elkington (1998), the investigation into scandal saw the Hedge Fund founder, Raj Rajaratnam; get charged together with his associates, traders, analysts, and comp any insiders. From charges, it was evident that the founder accessed secret information that ensured he to made significant profits. The hedge fund founder was convicted to eleven years imprisonment. In the United States, the Securities Act of 1933 was adopted by the Congress as part of the Securities Exchange Act that gave the SEC the authority to monitor the activities in the securities industry. Through the Insider Trading Sanction Act, the SEC enforces the insider dealing laws. In Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 was established following the amended to the SEC Act of 1934 that introduced a fine of up $5 million on individuals who violated the act. The aforementioned case of Raj Rajaratnam and Galleon Group followed the violation of the Act because Raj Rajaratnam conspired to trade using the insider information. According to the America government, the scheme was to ensure that Rajaratnam earned $20 million in profit. The jury found the Galleon Group founder guilty on fourteen counts of securities frauds and conspiracy changes, thus getting convicted (Koba 2011). Fraud It is an intentional act of an individual or people with the authority to govern, or third parties engaging in the use of the deceptive actions as defined by the International Auditing Standard (Gschwandtner n.d; Giles 2015). Fraud is conducted against companies by external parties or managers through the collusive scheme that involves the insider working with an outsider. The actions of the senior managers, directors, and owners are the biggest risk to any company regarding the reputational damage and losses. Unlike the insider dealing, the fraudsters are the first-time offenders who try to take advantage of the available opportunity to commit fraud (Elkington 1998). Nonetheless, it remains to be a crime, and the offender is vulnerable to conviction. Undeniably, the recent economic condition experienced across the world followed the fraud risk that seems to have increased in both private and public sectors. For instance, in the United Kingdom, the public sector has experienced minim al pay rises and redundancies thus increased the motivation to engage in fraud. Ponzi scheme exposed the biggest fraud case in which the investment manager, Bernard Madoffs defrauded his hedge fund over $50 billion thus liquidating the holdings and put pressure on the stock prices (Lenzner 2008). In 2009, Bernie Madoff pleaded guilty of swindling investors money worth $65 billion. Madoff stole from the investors by setting up a portfolio that looked like it could match the SP 500 returns. Madoff had violated the SEC regulations on how to handle the investors money. The seventy-year-old man was convicted and sentenced to 150 years because of unclear business models and riding on the ignorance of the targeted investors. The conviction confirmed that fraud was a serious criminal offence that the U.S and SEC never condoned. He opted to engage in perjury, false statements, wire fraud, and false filing with the Securities Exchange Commission. The ethical issues surrounding Madoffs actions were disclosure and transparency because he engaged in opaque and secretive acti vities (Donaldson 2008). Bribery or Corruption A Bribe is favour or money promised or given to an individual to influence the conduct or judgment of a person in the management or position of trust. It is something that induces or influences the outcome. Like in the previous cases, bribery or soliciting, offering, accepting, or giving bribe is a crime even if the offer is refused. Corruption takes different forms. For example, in many pharmaceutical companies, the attempt to persuade doctors or physicians to prescribe an individual product is typical (Gini Marcoux 2009). In most cases, tend to influence doctors by buying them meals and other trinkets or sponsor them to medical conventions. International Business Ethics Institute reported that business gifts had been categorized as bribes offered to an individual to influence the decisions such as a contract. GlaxoSmithKline PLC has opted to pay the SEC about $20 million to settle thje case where it got involved in bribery allegations. The SEC alleged that GlaxoSmithKline bribed a Chinese subsidiary pharmaceutical so that it could increase product sales. The Chinese subsidiary and joint venture offered the officials of GlaxoSmithKline gifts, shopping excursions and travel. The GSK never maintained sufficient internal accounting controls as expected by the law. It failed to adhere to the anti-corruption compliance program leading to improper conduct as explained by the SEC (SEC, 2016). Tax Evasion Tax avoidance is an illegal practice where a person or organization opts to provide inaccurate data as a tax return. Such activities are criminal behaviours that have landed companies or people to jails. For example, the celebrities including Wesley Snipes, and Darry Strawberry fell from grace in the public glare as they were compelled to learn the lesson the hard way because they engaged or condoned the unethical practices like tax evasion. The illegal behaviour landed some of the celebrities in prison (Fontenez 2008). Morris Zuckerman, an oil-industry investor faces seven years imprisonment for evading tax worth $40 million (Drucker Greifeld 2016). Zuckerman pleaded guilty to the federal charges labelled against him by falsely claiming deductions worth millions. The 72-year-old investor provide false information for the Internal Revenue Service audits, but later admitted that he failed to report $28 million, and even backdated documents in supporting his claims. The actions of Zuckerman violated the ethical practices as defined by the IRS. Conclusion Anybody who rationalizes decision by asserting that everyone engages in the practice should reconsider the action because unethical behaviour reflects an individuals personal brand. In the modern business environment, companies in both private and public sectors have suffered from unethical practices such as bribery, insider trading, fraud, and tax evasion. The article has highlighted these unethical practices and how they have affected the perpetrators. Based on the discussions, all the unethical practices attract criminal charges because they cause harm to the society. Bibliography Beauchamp, TL, Bowie, NE Arnold, DG. 2009, Ethical Theory and Business, 8th Ed, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Donaldson, T, 2008. Hedge Fund Ethics, Business Ethics Quarterly, vol. 18, Iss. 3, pp. 405-416. Drucker, J Greifeld, K. 2016, Jun 28, Oil Investor Zukerman Pleads Guilty in Tax Evasion Case, Bloomberg, Available at https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-06-27/oil-investor-zukerman-pleads-guilty-in-tax-evasion-case. [Accessed October 9, 2016]. Elkington, J. 1998, Cannibals with Forks: The Triple Bottom Line of 21st Century Business, New Society Publishers, Gabriola Island, Canada. Fontenez, S. 2008, Tax-Troubled Celebrities, Politicians, Outlaws, CNN, Available at https://www.cnn.com/2008/LIVING/wayoflife/04/15/famous.tax/index.html. [Accessed October 9, 2015]. Giles, S. 2015, The Business Ethics Twin-Track: Combining Controls and Culture to Minimize Reputational Risk, Wiley, Chichester, West Sussex. Gini, A Marcoux, AM. 2009, Case Studies in Business Ethics, 6th Ed., Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Gschwandtner, G. n.d, Lies and Deception in Selling: How to Tell When Customers or Prospects Are Lying to You, Selling Power, vol. 15, no. 9, Available at https://www.sellingpower.com/content/article/?a=4256./lies-and-deception-in-selling. [Accessed October 9, 2015]. International Business Ethics Institute. n.d, Business Ethics, Available at https://business-ethics.org/. [Accessed October 9, 2015]. Koba, M. 2011, Aug 18, Insider Trading: CNBC Explains, CNBC, Available at https://www.cnbc.com/id/43583339. [Accessed October 9, 2016]. Lenzner, R. 200, Dec 12, Bernie Madoffs $50 billion Ponzi scheme, Forbes, Available at https://www.forbes.com/2008/12/12/madoff-ponzi-hedge-pf-ii-in_rl_1212croesus_inl.html. [Accessed October 9, 2016]. SEC. 2016, Sep 30, US before the Securities and Exchange Commission, GSK Plc, Available at https://www.ethic-intelligence.com/wp-content/uploads/2016-SEC-GSK-settles.pdf. [Accessed October 9, 2016]. Shaw, WH, Barry, V, Issa, T, Cately, B. 2013, Moral Issues in Business, 2nd Asia Pacific Ed., Cengage Learning, Australia.

The Life Times of Alexander the Great Essay Example For Students

The Life Times of Alexander the Great Essay iiiIntroductionAlexander the great made an impact on world history that few individuals can profess tohave done. Heruled all of the known world, and one of the largest empires ever. His men were the firstwesterners toencounter tales of the Yeti. They even discovered and classified new types of flora and fauna,such as the redmold that grew on their bread while they were in Asia, and made it appear as if it were bleeding. He expandedthe Hellenist sphere of influence to the farthest reaches of the globe. When the king of Greece visited the British colony of India around the turn of thecentury, the colonialgovernment had some native Indian dances displayed for him. He was shocked when heimmediatelyrecognized the dances as the same harvest dances that his fellow Greeks performed nearThessalonika. Thiswas the breadth of Alexanders influence on hundreds of different cultures around the world. We will write a custom essay on The Life Times of Alexander the Great specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Throughout thewhole of Europe, Asia, and North Africa, stories of this great man have been handed down fromgeneration togeneration throughout the centuries. In many cases Alexander has even taken on a superhumanaura, and manyunbelievable legends have been based on his life. When Julius Caesar visited Alexandria, he asked to see the body of the greatest warriorof all time-Alexander the Great. Such was Alexanders reputation, able to impress even the powerful Caesar. He was,without a doubt, one of the most remarkable men that ever walked the face of this Earth. And thisis the storyof his life. 1The Life and Times of Alexander the GreatThe story of Alexander the Great is one of courage, genius, and great accomplishment;but it is also somewhat of abittersweet one, ending with his tragic death during the prime of his life, at thirty-two. Alexander was born to Philip II of Macedon and Olympias, his principal wife, in 356 BCE,mpic Games. Just three years earlier, Philip had ascended to thethrone after the death of his olderbrother, Perdikkas1, and named the city of Philipi after himself. Shortly thereafter, at the age oftwenty, he met Olympias at areligious ceremony on the island of Samothrace. Olympias was of the Mystery Religions, and was initiated at an early age. She spent hertime at wild orgies duringwhich snakes were wrapped around the worshippers limbs. She kept this custom of sleeping withsnakes throughout hermarriage to Philip. In addition, she sacrificed thousand of animals to her particular god orgoddess each year. Interestinglyenough, she had a cruel streak normally common only to the Greek men of her time. Throughouther career she was noslower than her male rivals to kill off enemies who seemed to threaten her. Olympias, believing that she was descended from Achilles, and being of royal Epeirosianblood herself, thought thatshe was rightly entitled to respect from Philip as his queen. For this reason Olympias wasconstantly upset at Philips longstays away fromhome. This anger was especially directed towards his torrid affairs with the nearest nubile2waif. At the time of Alexanders birth, Philip was involved in a campaign to defeat the Illyrianprovinces in battle andincorporate them into the Greek empire that he was building for himself. In that month, Philipreceived three messagesbearing good in quick succession: his victory over the Illyrians, Alexanders birth, andMacedonian victory in the Olympicraces. Alexander resembled his mother more than his father. It was in memory of Macedoniasgreatest king, Alexander I,that Alexander was named. Philip, currently engaged in a plan for the conquest of Greece andeventually parts of Asia, hadhigh hopes for his firstborn son to eventually continue in his footsteps. In the following yearAlexanders only sibling, a sisternamed Cleopatra, was born. .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f , .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f .postImageUrl , .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f , .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f:hover , .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f:visited , .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f:active { border:0!important; } .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f:active , .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Analysis of Artwork and Techniques EssayAlexander probably had no recollection of his father having both of his eyes, becausePhilip lost his eye storming anAthenian fortress. During Alexanders early years, he was watched over by a man namedLeonidas2. Leonidas saw to all ofAlexanders education and tutelage in many varied subjects including: writing, geometry, reading,arithmetic, music, archery,horseback riding, javelin, and other types of athletics. Alexanders nursemaid was an endearing gentleman whose name was Lysimachos, whowon Alexanders heart at anearly age by playing imagination games with Alexander and his playmates: Ptolemy, Harpalos,Nearchos, Hephaistion, andErigyios. When Alexander reached the ripe old age of thirteen, Philip decided it was time forAlexander to receive a highereducation better befitting his young heir. Searching throughout his empire, Philip was luckyenough to find a student of Platowho was at the time unemployed, a young genius named Aristoteles (commonly known asAristotle). Aristotles father, Nakimachos, had been Macedonias court physician, so Aristotle was 3quite familiar with the area. Aristotle taught Alexander, and sometimes his friends in a ruralsanctuary for the nymphs atMieza. Aristotle actually composed two books, In Praise of Colonies and On Kingship, forAlexanders education. Hetaught Alexander that other peoples were vastly inferior to the Greeks, and therefore fit forsubjugation. Alexander lovedAristotle like his own father as he said himself, One gave him life, but the other showed him howto live it.During this time , Alexander was involved in a homosexual relationship with Hephastion, afriend he loved dearly. This was a very common occurrence, looked upon as a learning experience for the boys. Theirlove was a very deep andclose one, and when he died prematurely during Alexanders teenage years, Alexander felt acrippling grief from which henever fully recovered. Philip was constantly conquering more territory, and though Alexander respected him, hewas also a bit jealous. Heonce told Ptolemy, Father is going to do everything; at this rate he wont leave any conquests foryou and me.During Alexanders sixteenth winter, Philip went to attack Perinthos in Thrace, andAlexander was left as regent inMacedonia. It was now, when Philip was away, that the Madoi tribe chose to revolt. Alexandercrushed the rebellionexpertly, in a merciless fashion. He was so victorious that when he built a walled city at the site ofthe battle, he took thefreedom of naming it Alexandropolis, after himself, thus beginning his illustrious career. It was love at first sight for Philip when he saw Cleopatra, the niece of Attalus, Philipsgeneral. The wedding was totake place immediately. At the wedding feast Attalus stood up for a toast to the bride and groom. In the course of hisspeech he calledupon the Macedonians to pray to the gods that of Philip and Cleopatra there might be 4born a legitimate son as a successor to the kingdom3.Alexander had been quiet throughout the celebration, but with these words, hed finallyhad enough. He rose andshouted, What of me villain? Do you take me for a bastard4?, and with that threw his goblet ofwine in Attaluss face. An enraged Philip sprang from his seat and made for Alexander, but being drunk, trippedand fell flat on his face. Alexander took the opportunity to further mock his fatherby proclaiming, Look, men! Here is the man preparing to cross from Europe into Asia, and hecant get from one couch toanother without falling down.After this incident Alexander no longer felt comfortable staying in Macedonia, and left withhis mother. Afterdropping her off in her home town of Epeiros, he continued on and finally settled in Illyria, wherehe was welcomed as afellow dissident to the monarchy. .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676 , .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676 .postImageUrl , .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676 , .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676:hover , .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676:visited , .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676:active { border:0!important; } .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676:active , .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676 .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Television and Media - TV Violence and the V EssayIn a story reminiscent of King David and Absalom, Demarates, one of Philips generals,convinced Philip to getAlexander to return. When Philip gave the affirmative, Demarates went to return Alexander to hishome. Philip soon forgotthe whole incident. Pixodar, the ruler of Caria and a vassal of the king of Persia, wanted to marry off hisdaughter to one of Philips sonsso as to secure a peace with Philip. Philip agreed, but didnt want Alexander, his heir, to marry avassals daughter, soinstead he chose Arrhidaios, an epileptic. Alexander was still suspicious of Philips intentions (after Attaluss speech), and his friendsconvinced him that Philipwas planning on making Arrhidaios his heir in Alexanders stead. Therefore Alexander offered toPixodar that he should takeArrhidaioss place, noting that Arrhidaios was an epileptic. When Philip found out, he was mad as all Hell, but treated Alexander maturely byreasoning with him. He argued, Do you really think so little of yourself to be the son-in- 5law of a lowly Persian vassal?!Alexander had at last learned his lesson and began trusting Philip. Philip, though hadfinally had enough of Ptolemyand the rest of Alexanders friends meddling in Alexanders business, and exiled them fromMacedonia sine die. In Alexanders twentieth year, Philip was ready to begin his conquest of Persia and AsiaMinor, but first he had tocement Epeiross allegiance to him by marrying off Cleopatra (his only daughter from Olympias)to King Alexander ofEpeiros. At daybreak the wedding procession began. Twelve of the Greek deities led theprocession with Philip followingclose behind. A man posing as a guard gained access to Philips entourage and stabbed Philip inthe side before anyonecould stop him. This man, later identified as Pausanias, had a horse prepared for a quickdeparture, but as fate would haveit, he tripped over a bush, and was transfixed with a spear before he was able to rise to his feet. But there was no helping Philip- he was quite dead. Alexander was a firm believer in the saying, The king is dead,Category: Roman Culture

Free Essays on My Neighborhood

My Neighborhood. Growing up in a large, sprawling urban center like the San Fernando Valley, I was basically color blind. I was raised in a very diverse ethnic area and since elementary school I had friends from many different races. Living in California, I had more that just a binary experience with different races and cultures. (Almaguer pg. 151) The differences we all had in various skin colors, cultures and attitudes did not seem important until I reached Jr. High. It wasn’t until we all reached puberty that the multi-racial friends I knew separated into various ethnic groups and became aware of the divisions within our neighborhood. Then we all dealt with such issues as gangs, busing and interracial dating from various perspectives. Since that time, it seems the lines have blurred again, or perhaps become so familiar as not to be noticeable. Racial issues have become less relevant to me personally, but they still exist in the background and we deal with them every day living in such a mu lti-racial environment. Historically, the San Fernando Valley was viewed as predominately Anglo, middle-class. This was news to me as I remember growing up with friends from many different nationalities. We were a middle class family, and I went to a middle class school that seemed to me to be very diverse. I had a friend named Marjoram who was of Indian culture, Curtis who and Angie who were black, Ted and Becky who were both white and of course Augustine and Chan who were Mexican and Korean respectively. We all lived near each other and played together, my experiences do not reflect a predominantly â€Å"whiteâ€Å" culture. I was aware, that there were differences in our family lives as a child, and occasionally we called each other names etc, but I thought that kind of individuality was normal. In fact, as children, it seems that we respected and valued each others cultures. For example, we all thought it was cool that Marjoram’s dad had ... Free Essays on My Neighborhood Free Essays on My Neighborhood My Neighborhood. Growing up in a large, sprawling urban center like the San Fernando Valley, I was basically color blind. I was raised in a very diverse ethnic area and since elementary school I had friends from many different races. Living in California, I had more that just a binary experience with different races and cultures. (Almaguer pg. 151) The differences we all had in various skin colors, cultures and attitudes did not seem important until I reached Jr. High. It wasn’t until we all reached puberty that the multi-racial friends I knew separated into various ethnic groups and became aware of the divisions within our neighborhood. Then we all dealt with such issues as gangs, busing and interracial dating from various perspectives. Since that time, it seems the lines have blurred again, or perhaps become so familiar as not to be noticeable. Racial issues have become less relevant to me personally, but they still exist in the background and we deal with them every day living in such a mu lti-racial environment. Historically, the San Fernando Valley was viewed as predominately Anglo, middle-class. This was news to me as I remember growing up with friends from many different nationalities. We were a middle class family, and I went to a middle class school that seemed to me to be very diverse. I had a friend named Marjoram who was of Indian culture, Curtis who and Angie who were black, Ted and Becky who were both white and of course Augustine and Chan who were Mexican and Korean respectively. We all lived near each other and played together, my experiences do not reflect a predominantly â€Å"whiteâ€Å" culture. I was aware, that there were differences in our family lives as a child, and occasionally we called each other names etc, but I thought that kind of individuality was normal. In fact, as children, it seems that we respected and valued each others cultures. For example, we all thought it was cool that Marjoram’s dad had ...

An Analysis of Recruitment and Selection in IBM

An Analysis of Recruitment and Selection in IBM Chapter 1. Introduction Today the success of every organization or business company lies just not in the mission or the goals set by the management, but a lot depends even on the employees of the organization. Employees are an integral part of any organization and they are the biggest assets that any company can have. The entire image of the organization depends on the performance of the employees, their code of conduct, and how they take their job responsibility. Every company looks out for employees who have the required capability and the qualifications that just not suits the job requirements but also can add to the value of organization. Recruitment and selection of the employees thus becomes an integral part of human resources. In simple terms getting the right person or a deserving candidate is much easier when compares to getting the right candidate for the right position. Through recruitment and selection, an employer will be able to find and select the appropriate and the most deserving candidate for the job vacancy. Recruitment and selection process has been considered as the most important part of hiring a new employee and also for the organization. 1.1 About the company In this research we will be focusing on IBM (Internal Business Machines) located in India to analyze the recruitment and selection. Now lets see some information pertaining to Internal Business Machines (IBM). Even though IBM was present in India earlier to 1970s, they re-entered the business sector in the year 1992. IBM has it headquarter based on Bangalore and operates in 14 other cities throughout India. IBM is considered as the leaders in terms of industry based on Information technology. IBM has been offering various customer solutions which includes both hardware and software. IBM India is considered one of the important market for IBM and they ensure that there has been enough investments in this industry. 1.2 Aim of the research Through this research we are trying to focus on the recruitment and the selection process, taking example organization as IBM. Now in order to ensure that the research is progressing towards achieving this aim, we will need to set an aim for our research. Hence the aim of the research is as follows: â€Å"To investigate, describe and produce a research report which shows how the recruitment and selection process of International Business Machines (IBM) is different from other companies recruitment and selection process.† Before we can into the details of the recruitment and selection at IBM, we will highlight the main reasons why employees get attracted and enthusiastic about working at IBM: Employees who are working and also would be joining would always prefer to be known as the innovators. IBM is known as the best company and employees can always expect to have a very bright future ahead while working at IBM. IBM has been known for providing competitive environment for their employees which can help them develop on l ong term professional basis. Every employee gets to learn new skills and facts at IBM daily. IBM encourages their employees to deploy their unique learning style at work.

A number of different background factors have been seen to affect Essay

A number of different background factors have been seen to affect successful performance in Higher Education (HE). Identify one - Essay Example Age of students is yet another factor which has been found to be highly correlated with students’ performance in undergrad programs (Barrow et al., 2009). In the context of institutions whose population is skewed towards mature adult students, there is a strong linkage between the percentage of mature students and their non-completion percentages (Barrow et al., 2009). The main reason for this the diversity of entry routes employed by these students when they enroll into an undergrad program (Barrow et al., 2009). Interestingly, mature strata of students are found to have achieved better grades than their non-mature counterparts. Similarly, the relationship of socio-economic class and ethnicity with entry route also presumes much importance in research literature (Barrow et al., 2009). This is attributed to lower standards of pre entry qualifications of ethnic minorities, particularly those from overseas. There is, however, a large section of this relationship that remains une xplained. Perhaps, one of the most significant factors affecting higher education is gender. Research demonstrates that a larger percentage of female undergraduate students successfully achieve ‘good’ degrees (either a first or a II: i) compared to their male counterparts (Barrow et al., 2009).

Final Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Final Project - Essay Example Research has shown that this disorder has been successfully treated with medication and therapy, especially for those suffering from unipolar depression, or single episode experience. For those with mixed or maniac episodes, an ongoing treatment would be necessary to stabilize their depressive moods. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) manual, published by the American Psychiatric Association (1994), and referred to as DSM-IV, described Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) as a serious mental disorder that profoundly disrupted the lives of those affected by the disorder. Major Depressive Disorder is classified in the DSM-IV as Axis II: Developmental Disorders and Personality Disorders. In this classification, those who fall under criteria A for a single episode of MDD, exhibited at least five of nine symptoms: 1) depressed mood of sadness or irritability; 2) gradual diminished interest or pleasure in social or personal activities; 3) significant weight loss or gain, or increased or decreased appetite; 4) insomnia or hypersomnia; 5) psychomotor agitation or retardation; 6) fatigue or loss of energy; 7) feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; 8) diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness; and 9) recurrent thoughts of death, or suicidal thoughts. Research has shown that MDD can be caused by chemical imbalances in the brain, brought about by stress and personal loss, or by some traumatic experiences (AllPsych Online-The Virtual Psychology Classroom). MDD may also be developed through certain medical illnesses such as cancer, stroke, diabetes, and myocardial infarction (All About Depression). About 20% to 25% of those suffering from these illnesses were likely to develop this disorder. It was also found that other mental activities. He was absent in his club meetings at Mid-Ohio Raceway for the past two months. He exhibited loss of energy, when he stopped visiting his favorite

Chemistry thermo lab, Hesss Law Essay Example for Free

Chemistry thermo lab, Hesss Law Essay Introduction: In this lab, we will be determining the change in enthalpy for the combustion reaction of magnesium (Mg) using Hess’s law. Procedure: 1. React about 100 mL of 1.00 M hydrochloric acid with 0.80 g of MgO. Note the change in temperature and any qualitative data. 2. React about 100 mL of 1.00 M hydrochloric acid with 0.50 g of Mg. Note the change in temperature and any qualitative data. Raw Data: Quantitative: Reaction, trial Mass ( ± 0.01 g) Initial temperature ( ± 0.1à ¢Ã‚ ° C) Final temperature ( ± 0.1à ¢Ã‚ ° C) Volume of HCl ( ± 0.05 mL) Reaction 1, Trial 1 0.80 22.0 26.9 100.00 Reaction 1, Trial 2 0.80 22.2 26.9 100.00 Reaction 2, Trial 1 0.50 21.6 44.4 100.00 Reaction 2, Trial 2 0.50 21.8 43.8 100.00 Qualitative: 1. Hydrochloric acid is colorless and odorless 2. Magnesium tape is shiny after cleaning it from oxidants, increasing its purity. 3. In both reactions, the solution became bubbly. 4. There was a strong odor from the reaction. Data Processing: Trial 1: Reaction 1: First, we have to calculate the ΔT by subtracting the final temperature by initial temperature: 1. 2. 3. Now we calculate the mass of the solution, assuming it has the density as water: 1. 2. 3. 4. Now, we can use q=mc ΔT to calculate the energy gained by the solution: 1. 2. 3. Therefore: 1. Now, we have to calculate the number of moles for MgO: 1. 2. 3. We can now calculate the change in enthalpy by dividing the q of the reaction by the moles of the limiting reagent: 1. Now, we do reaction 2, trial 1 so we can use Hess’s law to calculate the change in enthalpy of formation, but first we are going to calculate the uncertainty in this expression: First, we calculate the uncertainty for the: 1. 2. 3. Now for mass: 1. 2. As for the energy gained: 1. 2. Now for the energy of the reaction: 1. It is multiplied by an integer (-1) so it is the same unc. As for the moles: 1. 2. Finally, the change in enthalpy: 1. 2. 3. Reaction 2: First, we have to calculate the ΔT by subtracting the final temperature by initial temperature: 1. 2. Now we calculate the mass of the solution, assuming it has the density as water: 1. 2. 3. Now, we can use q=mc ΔT to calculate the energy gained by the solution: 1. 2. Therefore: 1. Now, we have to calculate the number of moles for MgO: 1. 2. We can now calculate the change in enthalpy by dividing the q of the reaction by the moles of the limiting reagent: 1. I will now calculate the uncertainties: First, we calculate the uncertainty for the: 1. 2. Now for mass: 1. 2. As for the energy gained: 1. 2. Now for the energy of the reaction: 1. It is multiplied by an integer (-1) so it is the same unc. As for the moles: 1. 2. Finally, the change in enthalpy: 1. 2. 3. Now, we use Hess’s law to calculate the change of enthalpy of formation: 1. MgO(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2O(l) 2. Mg (s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2 (g) 3. H2(g) + 0.5 O2(g) H2O(l) (given) By reversing reaction number 1, we can get our targeted reaction: Mg (s) + 0.5 O2(g) MgO(s) Now to calculate the change of enthalpy, which will be the change of enthalpy of formation? 1. 2. Our final result is: 1. Mg (s) + 0.5 O2(g) MgO(s) Random error and percent error: We can calculate the random error by just adding the random errors of the component reactions: 1. 2. 3. As for the percent error: 1. 2. 3. Trial 2: Reaction 1: First, we have to calculate the ΔT by subtracting the final temperature by initial temperature: 1. 2. Now we calculate the mass of the solution, assuming it has the density as water: 1. 2. 3. Now, we can use q=mc ΔT to calculate the energy gained by the solution: 1. 2. 3. Therefore: 1. Now, we have to calculate the number of moles for MgO: 1. 2. 3. We can now calculate the change in enthalpy by dividing the q of the reaction by the moles of the limiting reagent: 1. Now, we do reaction 2, trial 1 so we can use Hess’s law to calculate the change in enthalpy of formation, but first we are going to calculate the uncertainty in this expression: First, we calculate the uncertainty for the: 1. 2. 3. Now for mass: 1. 2. As for the energy gained: 1. 2. Now for the energy of the reaction: 1. It is multiplied by an integer (-1) so it is the same unc. As for the moles: 1. 2. Finally, the change in enthalpy: 1. 2. 3. Reaction 2: First, we have to calculate the ΔT by subtracting the final temperature by initial temperature: 1. 2. Now we calculate the mass of the solution, assuming it has the density as water: 1. 2. 3. Now, we can use q=mc ΔT to calculate the energy gained by the solution: 1. 2. Therefore: 1. Now, we have to calculate the number of moles for MgO: 1. 2. We can now calculate the change in enthalpy by dividing the q of the reaction by the moles of the limiting reagent: 1. I will now calculate the uncertainties: First, we calculate the uncertainty for the: 1. 2. Now for mass: 1. 2. As for the energy gained: 1. 2. Now for the energy of the reaction: 1. It is multiplied by an integer (-1) so it is the same unc. As for the moles: 1. 2. Finally, the change in enthalpy: 1. 2. 3. Now to calculate the change of enthalpy, which will be the change of enthalpy of formation: 1. 2. Our final result is: 1. Mg (s) + 0.5 O2(g) MgO(s) Random error and percent error: We can calculate the random error by just adding the random errors of the component reactions: 1. 2. 3. As for the percent error: 1. 2. 3. Processed data: Trial 1 Trial 2 of reaction 1 -104 kJ/mol ( ± 2.10%) -99 kJ/mol ( ± 2.19%) of reaction 2 -463 kJ/mol ( ± 0.509%) -446 kJ/mol ( ± 0.525%) of MgO -645 kJ/mol ( ± 2.61%) -633 kJ/mol ( ± 2.72%) Conclusion and Evaluation: In this lab, we determined the standard enthalpy change of formation of MgO using Hess’s law. First, we reacted HCl with MgO for the first reaction and got -104 kJ/mol ( ± 2.10%) for trial 1 and -99 kJ/mol ( ± 2.19%) for trial 2. As for reaction 2, where you react, I got -463 kJ/mol ( ± 0.509%) for trial 1 and -446 kJ/mol ( ± 0.525%) for trial 2. When we use Hess’s Law, we have to reverse reaction 1 to get the targeted equation, Mg (s) + 0.5 O2(g) MgO(s), and we get an enthalpy change value of -645 kJ/mol ( ± 2.61%) for trial 1, and -633 kJ/mol ( ± 2.72%) for trial 2. For trial 1, my value got a percent error of 7.14%, which is not that bad considering the weaknesses this lab had that will be discussed in the evaluation. However, in trial 2, I got a better percent error, which is 5.15%, we got a better value because we had a bigger ΔH values thus when adding them (since one of them is positive and the other two is negative) we get a smaller value for the enthalpy change of formation thus bringing us closer to the theoretical value. The biggest weakness in this lab was the impurity of the substances, the assumptions that we made about the HCl solution, for example, we assumed that the specific heat capacity of the solution is the same as water, which is an assumption that is not a 100% accurate and affected our ΔH values for both reactions and eventually our final ΔHf value. To fix this, In the different range of specific heat capacity values, 4.10 j/g k would have been more appropriate to get closer to our theoretical values, as you get a bigger qrxn values thus bigger ΔH values. Another thing that I noticed is that the theoretical value that I got was the â€Å"Standard† enthalpy change of formation. Standard meaning at standard conditions which are at 293 K and 101.3 kPa for pressure. These weren’t the conditions in the lab when I did the experiment. This might alter the experimental value closer to the theoretical value reducing the percent error.

Online Communities Essay examples -- Internet Chats Web Cyberspace Ess

Online Communities Ken Griffey Jr. is a well-known name in the world of Major League Baseball. Before the Seattle Mariners traded Griffey Jr. to the Cincinnati Reds, he was an absolute phenomenal baseball player. Since being traded, he has been nothing but disappointment to the Reds organization. The following is a dialogue between the two members in an online community at ESPN.com. crc29: â€Å""Asked if he's happy that he's still with Cincinnati, Griffey said, "What does it matter? This game is not about being happy. It's about wins and losses.'â€Å" ...and this is the same guy who once said when he was shopping the market that the important thing do is go somewhere where he'll be happy? And he wonders why people always think he's full of crap? Just answer the damn question Griffey, and stop with the "feel sorry for me" type of quotes that are consistently coming out of your mouth on a daily basis! The guy is so melodramatic! That's why he's constantly getting picked on!† (GRIFFEY, 2/24) KREIJO1: â€Å"Initially his intent was to go to Cincinnati under the belief that he would be happy. Things haven’t worked out that way so far. Funny how you jump Griffey who has never been arrested, never beat his wife, never done drugs and you attack him for the types of quotes he makes. Get off his back and go after someone who deserves it. Why does his alleged melodrama annoy you so much? He's a harmless fvcking athlete and you despise him but don’t know d1ck about him personally. Get off your soapbox your opinion, like your knowledge of Griffey is worthless.† (GRIFFEY, 2/24) crc29: "I didn't get on him for beating his wife. I got on him for being a whiney bi!tch......which he is. So King Kenny is unhappy...how the he... ... was in â€Å"The Virtual Community† by Rheingold (92). People came to the websites sharing same interests, and purpose. It is also similar because there is no actual face-to-face contact with the community. Therefore, it allows them to speak liberally as they wanted, without having to worry about confrontation. The cohesive relationships were shown at the Yankees forum rather than the MLB main directory. The competitive relationships were formed through disagreement and vulgar languages. The competition drives people to research more statistics to ambush their opposition, which I think is a good effect of competition because it helps them learn more about their favorite topic. Overall, I believe that these online communities are a positive aspect of society and people should keep using and share their experiences, ideas, and thoughts on their common interests.

Bata Lockout Case Study Essay

For Bata, labor had always posed major problems. Strikes seemed to be a perennial problem. Much before the assault case, Bata’s chronically restive factory at Batanagar had always plagued by labor strife. In 1992, the factory was closed for four and a half months. In 1995, Bata entered into a 3-year bipartite agreement with the workers, represented by the then 10,000 strong BMU, which also had the West Bengal government as a signatory. On July 21, 1998, Weston was severely assaulted by four workers at the company’s factory at Batanagar, while he was attending a business meet. The incident occurred after a member of BMU, Arup Dutta, met Weston to discuss the issue of the suspended employees. Dutta reportedly got into a verbal duel with Weston, upon which the other workers began to shout slogans. When Weston tried to leave the room the workers turned violent and assaulted him. This was the second attack on an officer after Weston took charge of the company, the first one being the assault on the chief welfare officer in 1996. In February 1999, a lockout was declared in Bata’s Faridabad Unit. Middleton commented that the closure of the unit would not have much impact on the company’s revenues as it was catering to lower-end products such as canvas and Hawaii chappals. The lock out lasted for eight months. In October 1999, the unit resumed production when Bata signed a three-year wage agreement. On March 8, 2000, a lockout was declared at Bata’s Peenya factory in Bangalore, following a strike by its employee union. The new leadership of the union had refused to abide by the wage agreement, which was to expire in August 2001. Following the failure of its negotiations with the union, the management decided to go for a lock out. Bata management was of the view that though it would have to bear the cost of maintaining an idle plant (Rs. 3 million), the effect of the closures on sales and production would be minimal as the footwear manufactured in the factory could be shifted to the company’s other factories and associate manufacturers. The factory had 300 workers on its rolls and manufactured canvas and PVC footwear. In July 2000, Bata lifted the lockout at the Peenya factory. However, some of the workers opposed the company’s move to get an undertaking from the factory employees to resume work. The employees demanded revocation of suspension against 20 of their fellow employees. They also demanded that conditions such as maintaining normal production schedule, conforming to standing orders and the settlement in force should not be insisted upon. In September 2000, Bata was again headed for a labour dispute when the BMU asked the West Bengal government to intervene in what it perceived to be a downsizing exercise being undertaken by the management. BMU justified this move by alleging that the management has increased outsourcing of products and also due to perceived declining importance of the Batanagar unit. The union said that Bata has started outsourcing the Power range of fully manufactured shoes from China, compared to the earlier outsourcing of only assembly and sewing line job. The company’s production of Hawai chappals at the Batanagar unit too had come down by 58% from the weekly capacity of 0. 144 million pairs. These steps had resulted in lower income for the workers forcing them to approach the government for saving their interests. PS: Weston resigned on January 30, 2001. This came as a severe setback to the Bata management.

Cursive Writing Essay

Cursive writing is important because the tactile discipline involved in cursive writing is not found in any other writing forms. The student learns how to control writing tools which helps the learner master rules of formatting. When a student is able to follow rules, he will master creating his own set of values. Cursive writing that entails more hand and eye coordination helps the student use varying skills. Cursive writing also practices visual talent of the child. With proper cursive writing, note taking which is a life skill will definitely be effective in helping the child transform into a productive adult of society. III. Practice writing of letters e, l, g, q and i will assume that the student has learned a, o, c and d. Words that can be formed from these letters, that can be practiced as well are; leg, eel, gel, quail, goal and glad. IV. Teaching activities that provide adequate modelling and oppportunities for practice. a. repeatitive cursive practice Cursive practice is often done using the lined paper with blue, red and blue lines. The child follows a dotted line to practice the letters in the first line. The dotted lines disappear as the practice progress. b. writing non-words A fun way to practice cursive writing of letters is imagining words that do not have meaning and writing it alternately with a partner. The more words the student can think of given a set of letters, the more practice will be done in a fun way. c. filling in the blanks This practice entails preparing sentences with blanks. The words will be written by the student in curive format. References: Berninger, V., & Graham, S. (1998). Language by hand: A synthesis of a decade of research on handwriting. Handwriting Review, 12, 11-25. Connelly, V. , Dockrell, J. , & Barnett, J. (2005). The slow handwriting of undergraduate students constrains overall performance in exam essays. Educational Psychology, 25, 99-107. Edwards, L. (2003). Writing instruction in kindergarten: Examining an emerging area of research for children with writing and reading difficulties. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 36, 136. Zaner-Bloser, Inc. http://www. zaner-bloser. com/html/HWgen. html

Music Therapy Essay Example

Music Therapy Essay Example Music Therapy Essay Music Therapy Essay Music therapy is used to treat people for various reasons and there are multiple styles of treatment presently being used. Music therapy is an effective form of therapy that is used on people of all ages to improve quality of life. Music therapy has been used in the medical industry for more than 60 years and there are many people who have no idea what it is. During W. W. I. , music therapy in the United States began to develop when music was used in the Veterans Administration Hospitals as an intervention to address traumatic war injuries. There were several musicians who were not working and they would go to the Veteran hospitals to play for the injured soldiers. â€Å"Numerous doctors and nurses witnessed the effect music had on veterans psychological, physiological, cognitive, and emotional state† (University Hospitals Health Systems, 2005-2008, para. 2). Many years ago it would be so hard to find a music therapist, but now music therapists are available in many different locations and facilities. Some of the most common places to find a music therapist are in rehabilitation centers, mental health centers, psychiatric hospitals, daycare treatments centers, medical hospitals, senior centers, drug and alcohol programs, correctional facilities, developmentally disabled persons, schools, and private practice (American Music Therapy Association, 1999). Music therapy has evolved significantly throughout the years, and there are multiple areas in the medical field that are working together to incorporate different techniques of music therapy. For instance, â€Å"Music therapists work collaboratively with physicians, social workers and other hospital staff to create interventions designed to promote wellness, manage stress, alleviate pain, express feelings, enhance memory, improve communication and promote physical rehabilitation† (UCSF, 2003, para. 4). Today music is used for therapy in a variety of ways to treat and heal people who are suffering from a variety of different medical disorders. Additionally, music therapy is used for breathing and heart rate as well as improving ones state of mind. Research has shown that music has a profound effect on your body and psyche† (Scott, 2007, para. 1). Music is considered to be a form of sensory that provokes different responses due to the security that it provides to individuals. More than likely, everyone has his or her own type of musical therapy. For example, people who are depressed might listen to their favorite to brighten their mood. Another example would be someone playing their favorite compact disc when they are angry or upset to calm themselves (Sparks, 2007). There are some common misconceptions about music therapy such as, patients who have to have some kind of music ability in order to be responsive to the treatment, and they do not. In addition, another misconception is that one or more particular styles of music are more beneficial than others styles and that is not the case. There are varieties of therapy styles that are used today; the focus of the therapy styles is to engage the clients in a musical occurrence. Music therapists design the music sessions to suit individuals and groups for the client’s specific needs such as â€Å"using music improvisation, receptive music listening, song writing, lyric discussion, music, and imagery, music performance, and learning through music† (American Music Therapy Association, Inc. , 1999, para. 2). Additionally there are some styles of music therapy where the patient or client will use an instrument to express unspoken emotions, or for the purpose of improving their motor skills. Music therapy is used on multiple people for treating a variety of different conditions. The therapy can be used on children, adolescents, adults, and elderly. Music therapy is also used for treating people with mental health requirements, developmentally disabled individuals, Alzheimer’s disease, and further age related conditions. Research shows that the power of music and rhythm can be very beneficial for the elderly and Alzheimer’s patients. There are many nursing homes using music to assist elderly and Alzheimer’s patients with memory conditions. In addition, music therapy is beneficial for people who suffer from substance abuse, brain injuries, and acute pain, to mothers who are in labor (American Music Therapy Association, Inc. , 1999). Music Therapy has had numerous clinical studies to suggest that not only musical therapy is an effective means of treatment, but the sound of music is soothing and comfortable, and it lowers cortisol, a stress hormone, as much as 25%. The music can reduce pain for patients who have come out of surgery, decreases nausea with patients who are receiving chemotherapy, and increases awareness of self and environment. A study conducted at Yale University School of medicine proved that patients who were awake during a surgical procedure listening to their favorite music need lower doses of pain medication than patients who did not listen to music (Syed, 2006). Developmentally disabled individuals and individuals with mental health needs are also receptive and benefit from music therapy. Music therapy for autistic individuals has helped to teach social interacting, encouraging the desire to communicate, and minimizing non-communicative speech. As far as autism is concerned, studies have shown that music therapy has a significant, positive influence when used to treat autistic individuals† (Evans, 2008, para. 3). Children diagnosed with autism are very receptive to music therapy. It was stated â€Å"Music Therapy is particularly useful with autistic children owing in part to the nonverbal, non threatening nature of the medium† (Staum, 2008, para. 3). Music therapy for mental health patie nts uses the therapeutic form of music as a means of communication and self-expression. The point of the therapy is to assist the individuals by helping to develop relationships and to face issues that they may not have been able to face using words only. One of the reasons that the music therapy is successful, is because it can incorporate active music making and music listening. While music therapy can treat people with different illnesses and disabilities, it can improve the quality of life for healthy people as well. Music can help individuals relate to other people, it can distract people from daily anxiety and provides an overall enjoyable experience. Every individual who practices some method of music therapy can improve, his or her own quality of life, whether it is someone who is healthy, ill, or disabled. Music is a positive influence used for physical, emotional, and cognitive well-being. For instance, someone who listens or performs music is benefiting from it. The presence of a music therapist is not necessary (Natural Standard, 2008). Music has always been said not only to be motivating, but also relaxing, and can be beneficial for everyone. Music or soothing sounds can be used as relaxation for any individual, and does not need to be monitored by music professionals. Many people are under the impression that music therapy is preformed using computer generated styles, but music therapy uses interactive instruments. The most common interactive instruments are the guitar, autoharp, piano, and keyboards because they can engage a client in musical activities. There are also handheld percussive instruments used such as the drums, maracas, tambourines, wood blocks, and chimes. The percussive instruments can potentially enhance the musical therapy experience by providing stimulation. In addition, picture cards and instrument pictures can aid patients in making a choice of what they would like to use, while puppets can help create a fun interactive experience (The Fine Arts Association, 2008). Like any form of therapy, every potential patient or client would undergo an assessment to participate in a music therapy program. During a typical assessment appointment, the music therapist would take the individual and expose them to a variety of instruments and different music. The music therapist will observe the individuals interactions with the music and instruments. The therapist is observing the individuals motor skills, behavior communication, and cognitive skills. After the assessment, the music therapist would then meet with the parents or caregivers to discuss goals of the music therapy. To conclude, music therapy has been around for several years and began when music was played for veterans who were injured in the W. W. I. and doctors and nurses noticed that the music affected the patients in a positive manner. Over 60 years later, music has come a long way with aiding people who are suffering from mental illness, pain, breathing, sleep disorders, and several other conditions. Doctors and other types of physicians collaborate with music therapists to assist their patients in a healing type of treatment with the assistance of music. Music therapy is not just listening to music anymore; it is engaging the patient in a making music, singing, and several other types of treatment. Most everyone has his or her own type of music therapy, although they might not know it. This type of therapy benefits children and adults and is proven to improve the quality of life whether a person is ill or healthy. Music therapy is a beneficial treatment that has been used in the past, present, and will continue to be used effectively. References: Evans, Rachel, (2008) The Benefits of Music Therapy for Autism. Ezine Articles Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http://ezinearticles. com/? The-Benefits-of-Music-Therapy-for-Autism=432566 Frequently Asked Questions About Music Therapy. (1999) American Music Therapy Association, Inc. Retrieved May 25, 2008 from musictherapy. org/faqs. html#WHAT_IS_THE_HISTORY History of Music Therapy. (2005-2008) University Hospitals Health Systems Retrieved May 23, 2008, from musicasmedicine. com/about/history. cfm Music Therapy Services. (2003-2008) The Fine Arts Association Retrieved June 9, 2008, from fineartsassociation. org/therapy. html Music Therapy. (1998) Think Quest Retrieved June 5, 2008 from http://library. thinkquest. org/24206/music-therapy. html Music Therapy. (2008) Natural Standard Retrieved June 4, 2008 from aturalstandard. com/index-abstract. asp? create- abstract=/monographs/alternativemodalities/patient-musictherapy. asp Scott, Elizabeth, M. S. (2007) Music and Your Body: How Music Affects Us and Why Music Therapy Promotes Health. About. com Retrieved June 2, 2008, from http://stress. about. com/od/tensiontamers/a/music_therapy. htm Sparks, Alicia, (2007 The Mental Benefits of Music Therapy. Mental Health Notes Retrieved on June 2, 2008, from mentalheal thnotes. com/2007/07/09/the-mental-benefits-of-music-therapy/ Staum, J. Myra, (2008) Music Therapy and Language for the Autistic Child. Autism Research Institute Retrieved June 2, 2008, from autism. com/families/therapy/music. htm Syed, Ibrahim B. Ph. D. (2006) Music Therapy. Islamic Research Foundation International, Inc. Retrieved May 28, 2008, from irfi. org/articles/articles_1_50/music_therapy. htm The Profound Effects of Music on the Mind. (2003) University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Retrieved June 2, 2008 from ucsf. edu/synapse/articles/2008/Apr/17/musictherapy. html

Choose a book that includes a person with a recognisable psychological Essay

Choose a book that includes a person with a recognisable psychological difficulty (schizophrenia). How can we understand the experience of the character that you have chosen Provide a critical discussion - Essay Example The author is a research psychiatrist specifying in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. He is a professor of psychiatry at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Maryland (Torrey, 2006). The male patient exhibited symptoms of schizophrenia with a first incident of psychosis that was difficult for the individual to manage. It also presented significant difficulties to the patient’s family as his behavior was highly unpredictable, changing within a relatively short time span. In some instances, the patient would develop anxiety and anger with every person around him. In the family member’s view, the individual looked confused and apprehensive of family members and friends who are well known to him without any justified reason. The major problem was that it was difficult to convince the person to seek the help of a physician since he did not think that he had a mental health problem. As the problem escalated, the individual continued to develop negative symptoms that deviated from the normal functioning of a healthy person’s mind. He appeared unresponsive to the surrounding nonchalant and apathetic (Torrey, 2006). The first severe episode of psychosis was followed by reduced symptoms that were not easily noticeable. However, the person continued to be socially withdrawn and also began losing awareness of personal hygiene, which kept away friends and many of his relatives. The person lost interest in communal activities in the society and also lacked motivation in life. His lack of interest in family affairs including matrimonial issues broke up his two-year marriage. He could not concentrate on important aspects concerning the living environment and could easily be run over by vehicles as he did not reflect on any potential danger while crossing the road. At times the person would not leave the house and also extended his sleep in an unusual manner. He could

What were the status and the roles of Jews under Islamic Rule Discuss Essay

What were the status and the roles of Jews under Islamic Rule Discuss 3 issues - Essay Example The Nazi forces had committed many atrocities against the Jews. They burnt the papers, which contained many important discoveries of Albert Einstein. The paper presents an overview of Jews under Islamic rule. Muslims used to support other religion generally. Muslims believe Islam is only the religion. Muslims feel that the Jews are wrong in believing theirs is a god’s religion. Muslims accept Jesus as a prophet and messiah whom Christians are worshipping as god. Christians have paid much attention towards Jews in the west, whereas in Muslims countries, the Jews were given less importance but they were wealthy. Christians and Jews are friendly in Europe with good religions atmosphere. Whereas in Muslims countries the Jews were treated as minority amongst other religions which resulted in they did not become intruded in Muslim areas. It’s every country’s responsibility to protect it citizen’s basic human rights. Human rights violation should be considered as a serious offence, legal and appropriate action should be taken against those who violate these rights. Countries like Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia and most of the other Islamic countries don’t even consider providing and implementing basic human rights. Jews comes under the minority section and have been given less importance. In Islamic countries the important hurdle is the Shariat1 law. This law prevents basic amenities to the minority sections. According to this law women were not equal to men, they should always be under veil, only her members could see her face, men can marry as any times as they want, women should get married only once and many other stringent laws are under implementation. The Israel and Palestinian conflict has taken center stage in the world politics. It also reflects a fight between the Jews and Muslims and those who are in support with both the religions respectively. It is seen as a war between

Adult learning and development theories applied to military education Assignment

Adult learning and development theories applied to military education - Assignment Example Established educational programs play an important role in influencing learning processes and program components, moderated by learning and developmental theories, empowers learning processes to success. Examples of learning theories are social cognitive orientation theory, transformational learning theory and self-directed learning theory while Piaget’s theory of cognitive development is an example of developmental theories. Class sessions, tutoring, advising, program evaluation, and mandatory assessment are examples of program components and this paper reviews them subject to learning theories and developmental theories. Transformational learning theory and educational learning components Transformational learning theory is core to adult learning program. The theory’s core construct is the learning approach in which adults transform their existing knowledge, opinions, and assumptions and assume a more open minded and comprehensive scope of their experiences. The theor y relies on meditations, based on positive and negative experiences that motivate an individual and those experiences that develop surprises to adult learners, leading to social change that may be evident in reduced poverty level in the society, enhanced knowledge base in the learners, or reduced level of oppression. Transformational learning also relies on learners’ rationale from which new knowledge constructs are developed from experiences (Merriam, Caffarella and Baumgartner, 2012; Westby, 2007). Class session defines the traditional learning process in which a teacher teaches students belonging to a given class. It is a common approach to adult education, especially because of fixed schedules converges learning time, and constrained facilities. The foundation of class session exposure of the learner to new knowledge and this identifies with diversified aspects of the transformational learning theory. Exposure to new knowledge offers a basis for reflection into the learne r’s experience, a process that triggers the transformational learning theory’s aspect of reconstruction of perspectives. Developed knowledge in class sessions also offer a benchmark for determining the motivational aspect of an experience as lower benchmarks would enlist positive attitude while high benchmarks would identify discouragements in a learner’s experience. Interactive class sessions also exhaust learners’ perspectives and rationale to transform approach to knowledge development and to changed held perspectives (King, 2009; Boylan, Bliss and Bonham, 1997). Unlike class sessions, tutoring focuses on small number of students per educators and may sometimes be done on a one-on one basis. Its scope is similar to the scope of class session and therefore identify with transformational learning theory. The tutor, in a facilitator role, exposes learners to constructs that evoke reflection and meditation upon experience to motivate new perspectives. Lear nt knowledge from the program component also establishes standards that motivate learners into reflections and meditations. Consequently, tutoring identifies with the transformational learning theory through its concepts that promote reflection, among learners, of their experience, meditation upon the experiences, and integration of the experiences and learnt concepts for a new perspective. Advisory and counseling initiatives are other major components of educational programs and apply to adult education. The adult learner prefers an active approach to knowl

A nobel economist's caution about government Essay

A nobel economist's caution about government - Essay Example For example, the U.S. Affordable Care Act has brought little change since its implementation in 2010, lowering the number of individuals without health insurance to 13 percent down from 16 percent. While there are some elements of truth that the American economy has exacerbated and that some policy interventions usually worsen off the economy, it is prudent to acknowledge that without a logical economic framework, the economy would simply shut. Economics provides the framework, which influences the performance of the economy for the betterment of the society. Economics as a science focuses on ensuring that the most is achieved out of limited and scarce resources as opposed to perfecting the society as Boudreaux and Zywicki postulate. Achieving the desired results out of an economic decision inclines on the dexterity with which policy makers or governments choosing which economic policy to implement for a given problem. As such, the dismal achievement realized in Obama Care and many other botched government intervention attempts are exhibitions of inaccurate policy choices rather than deficiency in economic thoughts. Nonetheless, the article is a food for thought that evokes de eper thinking and understanding of economic

Effect of Resource Diversity on Joint Venture Performance

Effect of Resource Diversity on Joint Venture Performance A STUDY OF RESOURCE BASED VIEW: HOW DOES RESOURCE DIVERSITY AND RESOURCE SHARING AFFECT INTERNATIONAL JOINT VENTURE (IJV) PERFORMANCE? ABSTRACT The study of resource based view (RBV) has transcended the limited focus of a single firm by arguing that RBV can be applied to the area of strategic alliance. As the most instrumental alliance form, IJVs are susceptible to the resource characteristics of parent firms. Albeit RBV has been used to explain research topics from IJV formation to performance measurement, more in-depth study is needed for exploring the association between resource characteristics and IJV performance. By analyzing data from 82 IJVs in China, the present research proposes that resource sharing mediates the positive relationship between Resource diversity and IJV performance. And cooperation effectiveness moderates the relationship between resource diversity and resource sharing. INTRODUCTION Barney (1991) believes that the resource based view (RBV) theory can be used to explain the relationship between firm resources and sustained competitive advantage in that valuable, rare, inimitable and unsubstituted resources have the potential to bring sustained competitive advantage to a firm. Transcending the limitations of excessive focus on the study of a single firm, Das and Teng (2000) further contend that resource based view can be applied to explain the entire mechanism of strategic alliance on a continuum from alliance formation to performance measurement. Their research takes RBV study to the next level by introducing more perspectives in studying strategic alliance which has been admitted as a critical device loading corporate strategy (Wassmer, 2010). As the most instrumental alliance form, international joint ventures (IJVs) combine both tangible and intangible characteristics of parent firms that allow resource sharing (including knowledge sharing and tangible resourc e sharing) to happen within the partnership because employees from the parent firms literally work together in IJVs (Kogut, 1988). It is critical for researchers and practitioners to understand how the characteristics and dynamics of two parent firms resources affect IJV performance. Why do firms form IJVs? Resource sharing and inter-organizational learning are the key reasons (Lane, Salk Lyles, 2001). By bringing diversified valuable resources into the IJV, both parent firms strive for a balance between protecting their own valuable resources and absorbing the partners resources (Das Teng, 2000). Therefore, the cooperation effectiveness of IJVs would inevitably affect the way resources are synthesized and shared between partners. However, when an IJV is formed, how are the resources of partner firms synthesized? How do both parties share their resources to maximize the IJV performance? These questions remain underexplored. The present research focuses on studying the dynamism of resource diversity, resource sharing and IJV performance and the moderating role that cooperation plays. Normally, an IJV is formed by two parties: a local firm and a foreign firm. These two parent firms possess different types of resources which are complementary to each other, so they could combine their resources to exploit mutual goals (Ren, Gray Kim, 2009). To contribute to IJV outcome, the resource of parent firms have to be dissimilar and complementary, and the utilization and similarity of resources should be considered synchronously (Das Teng, 2000). Extending their argument, the level of similarity and complementarity can be reflected by resource diversity, and how well the resources are utilized can be reflected by resource sharing. Moreover, to consider resource diversity and resource sharing synchronously, cooperation effectiveness plays an important role (Ren et al., 2009). As shown in figure 1, I propose that in an IJV, the resource diversity is positively related to IJV performance, the more resource diversity the partners have, the better IJV performance they are able to achieve. And resource sharing will mediate the association between resource diversity and IJV performance. Since two partners work in concert in an IJV, cooperation effectiveness inevitably moderates the relationship between resource diversity and resource sharing. Therefore, I put forth following hypotheses: The contribution of the present research is twofold. First, this research expand the resource based view theory by theorizing the model that tap into the relationship between resource diversity and IJV performance by examining the moderating effect of cooperation and the mediating effect of resource sharing. Second, this research also has managerial implications, it helps researchers and practitioners better understand the mechanism of resource diversity and sharing in an IJV, thus they can better deploy different types of resources and facilitate resource sharing accordingly. METHOD Data and Sample IJVs have played a critical role in helping China becoming the best player in the world absorbing foreign direct investment (FDI) (Fang Zou, 2009; Yao, Yang, Fisher, Ma Fang, 2013). Therefore, I draw samples of 200 IJVs in Guangdong Province because it is known as the economic engine of China partly by virtue of its capacity in attracting foreign investment. In their prior studies, Fang and Zou (2009), has adopted IJV sampling in a similar region Jiangsu Province. As suggested by prior researches, considering the validity requirement, solely rely on secondary data is not acceptable, a method combining both survey and secondary data here would be more accurate (Das Teng, 2000). Therefore, I administer surveys and draw on archival data for this research. Data are collected from IJV managers representing both parent firms. I measure IJV performance (the dependent variable) by using archival data. I also measure resource diversity (the independent variable), cooperation effectiveness (the moderating variable) and resource sharing (the mediating variable) by using survey data of CEOs, board members and senior managers from both parent firms to eliminate bias. Measures Resource diversity (the independent variable).As suggested by Das and Teng (2009), I assess the resource diversity by administering survey on IJV senior managers representing different parent firms to gather the response on the degree to which each parent firm brings different types of resources such as: financial resources, physical resources, human resources, technological resources, reputation and organizational resources (Grant, 1991, p.6). Adapting the method that Yao et al. (2013) used to measure knowledge complementarity, a survey on resource diversity will be used in the present research to ask senior managers representing each parent firm in sample IJVs how diversified the resources characteristics are from the parent firms by using a seven-point semantic scale. Since the method of Yao et al. (2013) is also conducted in similar regions in China, the content validity is ensured. In the survey, I ask questions such as: How do you compare your partys industry design with your a lliance partner? (strongly overlapping to strongly complementary). Appendix A includes the form of the items for resource diversity. Cooperation effectiveness (the moderating variable).Following the multi-step process (Churchill Jr, 1979) measure developed by Yao et al. (2013) on knowledge absorption effectiveness, I assess cooperation effectiveness in a similar way by asking top managers representing each parent firm in sample IJVs how effective the partners cooperate in the IJVs using a five-item, seven-point Likert-type scale. I ask questions such as: How do you rate the cooperation effectiveness between partners in your IJV: Our joint venture has been very effective in transferring resources among different partners? (strongly agree to strongly disagree). Appendix B includes the form of the items for cooperation effectiveness. Resource sharing (the mediating variable).Adopting the same rationale of measuring cooperation effectiveness, I develop my own items andassess resource sharing in a similar way by asking top managers to rate the level that the partners share the resources in the IJVs using a four-item, seven-point Likert-type scale. I ask questions such as: How do you rate the resource sharing level between partners in your IJV: IJV partners can easily acquire tangible resources occupied by each other for manufacturing activities? (strongly agree to strongly disagree). Appendix C includes the form of the items for resource sharing. IJV performance (the dependent variable).I will use secondary data to assess IJV performance by two constructs: its financial performance (Return on Investment), and also its longevity (Ren et al., 2009). Control variables.Following the study of Yao et al. (2013). I treat IJV size as control variable measuring by the IJV employee number. Since the market dynamism may be another confounding factor, I also control for market dynamism by using Miller (1987) five items. My data collection procedure is: gather the contact information of sample IJVs through the administrative offices of local development zones that are normally the administrative agencies and service providers of IJVs. Then phone calls and emails will be used to reach out to these IJV CEOs and other senior managers to explain the purpose of the present research and solicit participation in the survey. The ideal target response size of IJV is 82 according to GPower 3.1 test (Effect size = .30, ÃŽÂ ± = .05, Power = .80). Im expecting a 40% response rate which is at the high range of typical response rate (15-40%) since I administer the survey through officials of local development zones who are familiar with the IJV leaders. The questionnaires are distributed to participants in 200 IJVs through email, for non-respondents, the first round of following up phone calls or emails will be carried out two weeks after the distribution of the questionnaires, the second round will be carried o ut four weeks after the distribution of the questionnaires. Following the general method adopted by extant researches, I evaluate responses from the respondents and decide which responses to discard depending on the validity. Given the multinational background of respondents, my original questionnaires are designed in English, they are translated into Chinese when assigning to Chinese respondents, then the responses will be back-translated into English. Statistical description of means and standard deviations is provided. Analysis To test hypothesis 1, resource sharing and IJV performance are separately treated as dependent variables in regression analysis. To test hypothesis 2, I measure the moderating effects of cooperation effectiveness by using moderated regression analysis. To avoid potential multi-collinearity, I take both mean-centered independent and moderating variables into the regression (Aiken, West Reno, 1991). DISCUSSION Prior studies has proved that resource based view can be applied to the study in the area of strategic alliance for about two decades (Das Teng, 2000), yet little has been disclosed about the dynamic relationship between resource diversity, resource sharing and alliance performance. In this research, after examining 82 IJVs in China, the results support my hypotheses that cooperation effectiveness will moderate the positive relationship between resource diversity and IJV performance mediated by resource sharing. Theoretical and Managerial Implications The present research focuses on discovering the relationship between resource diversity, resource sharing and IJV performance, and the moderating role that cooperation effectiveness plays. The influence of resource sharing on IJV performance is examined subsequently. Resource based view has been proved a strong tool used to disclose the relationship between firm resources and sustained competitiveness. This research extended the study of resource based view to a more intricate and in-depth level: IJVs, in that compare with average firms, IJVs are formed by parent firms to utilize and share their resources thus achieve the goal of mutual benefits. Therefore, the research brings new insights about how firm resources are constituted and shared and thus affect firm performance in an ever-changing global context. Prior researches has shown that knowledge complementarity has positive effects on new product performance in IJVs (Yao et al., 2013). This research extends the study to a higher level regarding resources occupied by parent firms and bring more generalizability to researchers. It also helps top managers engaging in alliances better utilize their resources. LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH As other researches, this research has its limitations. First, as pointed out by other scholars, the sample source is somewhat monotonous because it only reflects the IJVs in a certain region in China, and the resource diversity might be pre-established since the IJVs in my sample are all formed by a Chinese firm and a foreign firm, this fact shows a certain pattern of partnership that the Chinese firms offer resources to reach local market while the foreign firms offers technological and financial resources (Yao et al., 2013). Future research may extend the study of resource diversity patterns by examining how different resource diversity relationships effect research sharing and IJV performance. Second, I only discussed the model regarding IJVs, however, there are other equity and non-equity inter-organizational collaborations such as technical exchange and consortia (Majchrzak, Jarvenpaa Bagherzadeh, 2014). The effect in the other types of collaborations may vary a lot from the model I examine in IJVs. However, the limitation here also leads to fruitful future research. Study of the resource dynamism and alignment can be delivered on different forms of strategic alliance. APPENDIX A APPENDIX B APPENDIX C REFERENCES      Ã‚   Aiken, L. S., West, S. G., Reno, R. R. 1991. Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions: Sage. Barney, J. 1991. Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1): 99-120. Churchill Jr, G. A. 1979. A paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs. Journal of marketing research: 64-73. Das, T. K., Teng, B.-S. 2000. A resource-based theory of strategic alliances. 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