The Life Times of Alexander the Great Essay Example For Students

The Life Times of Alexander the Great Essay iiiIntroductionAlexander the great made an impact on world history that few individuals can profess tohave done. Heruled all of the known world, and one of the largest empires ever. His men were the firstwesterners toencounter tales of the Yeti. They even discovered and classified new types of flora and fauna,such as the redmold that grew on their bread while they were in Asia, and made it appear as if it were bleeding. He expandedthe Hellenist sphere of influence to the farthest reaches of the globe. When the king of Greece visited the British colony of India around the turn of thecentury, the colonialgovernment had some native Indian dances displayed for him. He was shocked when heimmediatelyrecognized the dances as the same harvest dances that his fellow Greeks performed nearThessalonika. Thiswas the breadth of Alexanders influence on hundreds of different cultures around the world. We will write a custom essay on The Life Times of Alexander the Great specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Throughout thewhole of Europe, Asia, and North Africa, stories of this great man have been handed down fromgeneration togeneration throughout the centuries. In many cases Alexander has even taken on a superhumanaura, and manyunbelievable legends have been based on his life. When Julius Caesar visited Alexandria, he asked to see the body of the greatest warriorof all time-Alexander the Great. Such was Alexanders reputation, able to impress even the powerful Caesar. He was,without a doubt, one of the most remarkable men that ever walked the face of this Earth. And thisis the storyof his life. 1The Life and Times of Alexander the GreatThe story of Alexander the Great is one of courage, genius, and great accomplishment;but it is also somewhat of abittersweet one, ending with his tragic death during the prime of his life, at thirty-two. Alexander was born to Philip II of Macedon and Olympias, his principal wife, in 356 BCE,mpic Games. Just three years earlier, Philip had ascended to thethrone after the death of his olderbrother, Perdikkas1, and named the city of Philipi after himself. Shortly thereafter, at the age oftwenty, he met Olympias at areligious ceremony on the island of Samothrace. Olympias was of the Mystery Religions, and was initiated at an early age. She spent hertime at wild orgies duringwhich snakes were wrapped around the worshippers limbs. She kept this custom of sleeping withsnakes throughout hermarriage to Philip. In addition, she sacrificed thousand of animals to her particular god orgoddess each year. Interestinglyenough, she had a cruel streak normally common only to the Greek men of her time. Throughouther career she was noslower than her male rivals to kill off enemies who seemed to threaten her. Olympias, believing that she was descended from Achilles, and being of royal Epeirosianblood herself, thought thatshe was rightly entitled to respect from Philip as his queen. For this reason Olympias wasconstantly upset at Philips longstays away fromhome. This anger was especially directed towards his torrid affairs with the nearest nubile2waif. At the time of Alexanders birth, Philip was involved in a campaign to defeat the Illyrianprovinces in battle andincorporate them into the Greek empire that he was building for himself. In that month, Philipreceived three messagesbearing good in quick succession: his victory over the Illyrians, Alexanders birth, andMacedonian victory in the Olympicraces. Alexander resembled his mother more than his father. It was in memory of Macedoniasgreatest king, Alexander I,that Alexander was named. Philip, currently engaged in a plan for the conquest of Greece andeventually parts of Asia, hadhigh hopes for his firstborn son to eventually continue in his footsteps. In the following yearAlexanders only sibling, a sisternamed Cleopatra, was born. .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f , .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f .postImageUrl , .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f , .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f:hover , .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f:visited , .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f:active { border:0!important; } .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f:active , .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u24dc423229dbde1bf6b95401e79ce40f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Analysis of Artwork and Techniques EssayAlexander probably had no recollection of his father having both of his eyes, becausePhilip lost his eye storming anAthenian fortress. During Alexanders early years, he was watched over by a man namedLeonidas2. Leonidas saw to all ofAlexanders education and tutelage in many varied subjects including: writing, geometry, reading,arithmetic, music, archery,horseback riding, javelin, and other types of athletics. Alexanders nursemaid was an endearing gentleman whose name was Lysimachos, whowon Alexanders heart at anearly age by playing imagination games with Alexander and his playmates: Ptolemy, Harpalos,Nearchos, Hephaistion, andErigyios. When Alexander reached the ripe old age of thirteen, Philip decided it was time forAlexander to receive a highereducation better befitting his young heir. Searching throughout his empire, Philip was luckyenough to find a student of Platowho was at the time unemployed, a young genius named Aristoteles (commonly known asAristotle). Aristotles father, Nakimachos, had been Macedonias court physician, so Aristotle was 3quite familiar with the area. Aristotle taught Alexander, and sometimes his friends in a ruralsanctuary for the nymphs atMieza. Aristotle actually composed two books, In Praise of Colonies and On Kingship, forAlexanders education. Hetaught Alexander that other peoples were vastly inferior to the Greeks, and therefore fit forsubjugation. Alexander lovedAristotle like his own father as he said himself, One gave him life, but the other showed him howto live it.During this time , Alexander was involved in a homosexual relationship with Hephastion, afriend he loved dearly. This was a very common occurrence, looked upon as a learning experience for the boys. Theirlove was a very deep andclose one, and when he died prematurely during Alexanders teenage years, Alexander felt acrippling grief from which henever fully recovered. Philip was constantly conquering more territory, and though Alexander respected him, hewas also a bit jealous. Heonce told Ptolemy, Father is going to do everything; at this rate he wont leave any conquests foryou and me.During Alexanders sixteenth winter, Philip went to attack Perinthos in Thrace, andAlexander was left as regent inMacedonia. It was now, when Philip was away, that the Madoi tribe chose to revolt. Alexandercrushed the rebellionexpertly, in a merciless fashion. He was so victorious that when he built a walled city at the site ofthe battle, he took thefreedom of naming it Alexandropolis, after himself, thus beginning his illustrious career. It was love at first sight for Philip when he saw Cleopatra, the niece of Attalus, Philipsgeneral. The wedding was totake place immediately. At the wedding feast Attalus stood up for a toast to the bride and groom. In the course of hisspeech he calledupon the Macedonians to pray to the gods that of Philip and Cleopatra there might be 4born a legitimate son as a successor to the kingdom3.Alexander had been quiet throughout the celebration, but with these words, hed finallyhad enough. He rose andshouted, What of me villain? Do you take me for a bastard4?, and with that threw his goblet ofwine in Attaluss face. An enraged Philip sprang from his seat and made for Alexander, but being drunk, trippedand fell flat on his face. Alexander took the opportunity to further mock his fatherby proclaiming, Look, men! Here is the man preparing to cross from Europe into Asia, and hecant get from one couch toanother without falling down.After this incident Alexander no longer felt comfortable staying in Macedonia, and left withhis mother. Afterdropping her off in her home town of Epeiros, he continued on and finally settled in Illyria, wherehe was welcomed as afellow dissident to the monarchy. .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676 , .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676 .postImageUrl , .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676 , .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676:hover , .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676:visited , .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676:active { border:0!important; } .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676:active , .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676 .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u91468dcdfd68d6f94e7780f899066676:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Television and Media - TV Violence and the V EssayIn a story reminiscent of King David and Absalom, Demarates, one of Philips generals,convinced Philip to getAlexander to return. When Philip gave the affirmative, Demarates went to return Alexander to hishome. Philip soon forgotthe whole incident. Pixodar, the ruler of Caria and a vassal of the king of Persia, wanted to marry off hisdaughter to one of Philips sonsso as to secure a peace with Philip. Philip agreed, but didnt want Alexander, his heir, to marry avassals daughter, soinstead he chose Arrhidaios, an epileptic. Alexander was still suspicious of Philips intentions (after Attaluss speech), and his friendsconvinced him that Philipwas planning on making Arrhidaios his heir in Alexanders stead. Therefore Alexander offered toPixodar that he should takeArrhidaioss place, noting that Arrhidaios was an epileptic. When Philip found out, he was mad as all Hell, but treated Alexander maturely byreasoning with him. He argued, Do you really think so little of yourself to be the son-in- 5law of a lowly Persian vassal?!Alexander had at last learned his lesson and began trusting Philip. Philip, though hadfinally had enough of Ptolemyand the rest of Alexanders friends meddling in Alexanders business, and exiled them fromMacedonia sine die. In Alexanders twentieth year, Philip was ready to begin his conquest of Persia and AsiaMinor, but first he had tocement Epeiross allegiance to him by marrying off Cleopatra (his only daughter from Olympias)to King Alexander ofEpeiros. At daybreak the wedding procession began. Twelve of the Greek deities led theprocession with Philip followingclose behind. A man posing as a guard gained access to Philips entourage and stabbed Philip inthe side before anyonecould stop him. This man, later identified as Pausanias, had a horse prepared for a quickdeparture, but as fate would haveit, he tripped over a bush, and was transfixed with a spear before he was able to rise to his feet. But there was no helping Philip- he was quite dead. Alexander was a firm believer in the saying, The king is dead,Category: Roman Culture

Free Essays on My Neighborhood

My Neighborhood. Growing up in a large, sprawling urban center like the San Fernando Valley, I was basically color blind. I was raised in a very diverse ethnic area and since elementary school I had friends from many different races. Living in California, I had more that just a binary experience with different races and cultures. (Almaguer pg. 151) The differences we all had in various skin colors, cultures and attitudes did not seem important until I reached Jr. High. It wasn’t until we all reached puberty that the multi-racial friends I knew separated into various ethnic groups and became aware of the divisions within our neighborhood. Then we all dealt with such issues as gangs, busing and interracial dating from various perspectives. Since that time, it seems the lines have blurred again, or perhaps become so familiar as not to be noticeable. Racial issues have become less relevant to me personally, but they still exist in the background and we deal with them every day living in such a mu lti-racial environment. Historically, the San Fernando Valley was viewed as predominately Anglo, middle-class. This was news to me as I remember growing up with friends from many different nationalities. We were a middle class family, and I went to a middle class school that seemed to me to be very diverse. I had a friend named Marjoram who was of Indian culture, Curtis who and Angie who were black, Ted and Becky who were both white and of course Augustine and Chan who were Mexican and Korean respectively. We all lived near each other and played together, my experiences do not reflect a predominantly â€Å"whiteâ€Å" culture. I was aware, that there were differences in our family lives as a child, and occasionally we called each other names etc, but I thought that kind of individuality was normal. In fact, as children, it seems that we respected and valued each others cultures. For example, we all thought it was cool that Marjoram’s dad had ... Free Essays on My Neighborhood Free Essays on My Neighborhood My Neighborhood. Growing up in a large, sprawling urban center like the San Fernando Valley, I was basically color blind. I was raised in a very diverse ethnic area and since elementary school I had friends from many different races. Living in California, I had more that just a binary experience with different races and cultures. (Almaguer pg. 151) The differences we all had in various skin colors, cultures and attitudes did not seem important until I reached Jr. High. It wasn’t until we all reached puberty that the multi-racial friends I knew separated into various ethnic groups and became aware of the divisions within our neighborhood. Then we all dealt with such issues as gangs, busing and interracial dating from various perspectives. Since that time, it seems the lines have blurred again, or perhaps become so familiar as not to be noticeable. Racial issues have become less relevant to me personally, but they still exist in the background and we deal with them every day living in such a mu lti-racial environment. Historically, the San Fernando Valley was viewed as predominately Anglo, middle-class. This was news to me as I remember growing up with friends from many different nationalities. We were a middle class family, and I went to a middle class school that seemed to me to be very diverse. I had a friend named Marjoram who was of Indian culture, Curtis who and Angie who were black, Ted and Becky who were both white and of course Augustine and Chan who were Mexican and Korean respectively. We all lived near each other and played together, my experiences do not reflect a predominantly â€Å"whiteâ€Å" culture. I was aware, that there were differences in our family lives as a child, and occasionally we called each other names etc, but I thought that kind of individuality was normal. In fact, as children, it seems that we respected and valued each others cultures. For example, we all thought it was cool that Marjoram’s dad had ...

An Analysis of Recruitment and Selection in IBM

An Analysis of Recruitment and Selection in IBM Chapter 1. Introduction Today the success of every organization or business company lies just not in the mission or the goals set by the management, but a lot depends even on the employees of the organization. Employees are an integral part of any organization and they are the biggest assets that any company can have. The entire image of the organization depends on the performance of the employees, their code of conduct, and how they take their job responsibility. Every company looks out for employees who have the required capability and the qualifications that just not suits the job requirements but also can add to the value of organization. Recruitment and selection of the employees thus becomes an integral part of human resources. In simple terms getting the right person or a deserving candidate is much easier when compares to getting the right candidate for the right position. Through recruitment and selection, an employer will be able to find and select the appropriate and the most deserving candidate for the job vacancy. Recruitment and selection process has been considered as the most important part of hiring a new employee and also for the organization. 1.1 About the company In this research we will be focusing on IBM (Internal Business Machines) located in India to analyze the recruitment and selection. Now lets see some information pertaining to Internal Business Machines (IBM). Even though IBM was present in India earlier to 1970s, they re-entered the business sector in the year 1992. IBM has it headquarter based on Bangalore and operates in 14 other cities throughout India. IBM is considered as the leaders in terms of industry based on Information technology. IBM has been offering various customer solutions which includes both hardware and software. IBM India is considered one of the important market for IBM and they ensure that there has been enough investments in this industry. 1.2 Aim of the research Through this research we are trying to focus on the recruitment and the selection process, taking example organization as IBM. Now in order to ensure that the research is progressing towards achieving this aim, we will need to set an aim for our research. Hence the aim of the research is as follows: â€Å"To investigate, describe and produce a research report which shows how the recruitment and selection process of International Business Machines (IBM) is different from other companies recruitment and selection process.† Before we can into the details of the recruitment and selection at IBM, we will highlight the main reasons why employees get attracted and enthusiastic about working at IBM: Employees who are working and also would be joining would always prefer to be known as the innovators. IBM is known as the best company and employees can always expect to have a very bright future ahead while working at IBM. IBM has been known for providing competitive environment for their employees which can help them develop on l ong term professional basis. Every employee gets to learn new skills and facts at IBM daily. IBM encourages their employees to deploy their unique learning style at work.

A number of different background factors have been seen to affect Essay

A number of different background factors have been seen to affect successful performance in Higher Education (HE). Identify one - Essay Example Age of students is yet another factor which has been found to be highly correlated with students’ performance in undergrad programs (Barrow et al., 2009). In the context of institutions whose population is skewed towards mature adult students, there is a strong linkage between the percentage of mature students and their non-completion percentages (Barrow et al., 2009). The main reason for this the diversity of entry routes employed by these students when they enroll into an undergrad program (Barrow et al., 2009). Interestingly, mature strata of students are found to have achieved better grades than their non-mature counterparts. Similarly, the relationship of socio-economic class and ethnicity with entry route also presumes much importance in research literature (Barrow et al., 2009). This is attributed to lower standards of pre entry qualifications of ethnic minorities, particularly those from overseas. There is, however, a large section of this relationship that remains une xplained. Perhaps, one of the most significant factors affecting higher education is gender. Research demonstrates that a larger percentage of female undergraduate students successfully achieve ‘good’ degrees (either a first or a II: i) compared to their male counterparts (Barrow et al., 2009).

Final Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Final Project - Essay Example Research has shown that this disorder has been successfully treated with medication and therapy, especially for those suffering from unipolar depression, or single episode experience. For those with mixed or maniac episodes, an ongoing treatment would be necessary to stabilize their depressive moods. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) manual, published by the American Psychiatric Association (1994), and referred to as DSM-IV, described Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) as a serious mental disorder that profoundly disrupted the lives of those affected by the disorder. Major Depressive Disorder is classified in the DSM-IV as Axis II: Developmental Disorders and Personality Disorders. In this classification, those who fall under criteria A for a single episode of MDD, exhibited at least five of nine symptoms: 1) depressed mood of sadness or irritability; 2) gradual diminished interest or pleasure in social or personal activities; 3) significant weight loss or gain, or increased or decreased appetite; 4) insomnia or hypersomnia; 5) psychomotor agitation or retardation; 6) fatigue or loss of energy; 7) feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; 8) diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness; and 9) recurrent thoughts of death, or suicidal thoughts. Research has shown that MDD can be caused by chemical imbalances in the brain, brought about by stress and personal loss, or by some traumatic experiences (AllPsych Online-The Virtual Psychology Classroom). MDD may also be developed through certain medical illnesses such as cancer, stroke, diabetes, and myocardial infarction (All About Depression). About 20% to 25% of those suffering from these illnesses were likely to develop this disorder. It was also found that other mental activities. He was absent in his club meetings at Mid-Ohio Raceway for the past two months. He exhibited loss of energy, when he stopped visiting his favorite

Chemistry thermo lab, Hesss Law Essay Example for Free

Chemistry thermo lab, Hesss Law Essay Introduction: In this lab, we will be determining the change in enthalpy for the combustion reaction of magnesium (Mg) using Hess’s law. Procedure: 1. React about 100 mL of 1.00 M hydrochloric acid with 0.80 g of MgO. Note the change in temperature and any qualitative data. 2. React about 100 mL of 1.00 M hydrochloric acid with 0.50 g of Mg. Note the change in temperature and any qualitative data. Raw Data: Quantitative: Reaction, trial Mass ( ± 0.01 g) Initial temperature ( ± 0.1à ¢Ã‚ ° C) Final temperature ( ± 0.1à ¢Ã‚ ° C) Volume of HCl ( ± 0.05 mL) Reaction 1, Trial 1 0.80 22.0 26.9 100.00 Reaction 1, Trial 2 0.80 22.2 26.9 100.00 Reaction 2, Trial 1 0.50 21.6 44.4 100.00 Reaction 2, Trial 2 0.50 21.8 43.8 100.00 Qualitative: 1. Hydrochloric acid is colorless and odorless 2. Magnesium tape is shiny after cleaning it from oxidants, increasing its purity. 3. In both reactions, the solution became bubbly. 4. There was a strong odor from the reaction. Data Processing: Trial 1: Reaction 1: First, we have to calculate the ΔT by subtracting the final temperature by initial temperature: 1. 2. 3. Now we calculate the mass of the solution, assuming it has the density as water: 1. 2. 3. 4. Now, we can use q=mc ΔT to calculate the energy gained by the solution: 1. 2. 3. Therefore: 1. Now, we have to calculate the number of moles for MgO: 1. 2. 3. We can now calculate the change in enthalpy by dividing the q of the reaction by the moles of the limiting reagent: 1. Now, we do reaction 2, trial 1 so we can use Hess’s law to calculate the change in enthalpy of formation, but first we are going to calculate the uncertainty in this expression: First, we calculate the uncertainty for the: 1. 2. 3. Now for mass: 1. 2. As for the energy gained: 1. 2. Now for the energy of the reaction: 1. It is multiplied by an integer (-1) so it is the same unc. As for the moles: 1. 2. Finally, the change in enthalpy: 1. 2. 3. Reaction 2: First, we have to calculate the ΔT by subtracting the final temperature by initial temperature: 1. 2. Now we calculate the mass of the solution, assuming it has the density as water: 1. 2. 3. Now, we can use q=mc ΔT to calculate the energy gained by the solution: 1. 2. Therefore: 1. Now, we have to calculate the number of moles for MgO: 1. 2. We can now calculate the change in enthalpy by dividing the q of the reaction by the moles of the limiting reagent: 1. I will now calculate the uncertainties: First, we calculate the uncertainty for the: 1. 2. Now for mass: 1. 2. As for the energy gained: 1. 2. Now for the energy of the reaction: 1. It is multiplied by an integer (-1) so it is the same unc. As for the moles: 1. 2. Finally, the change in enthalpy: 1. 2. 3. Now, we use Hess’s law to calculate the change of enthalpy of formation: 1. MgO(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2O(l) 2. Mg (s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2 (g) 3. H2(g) + 0.5 O2(g) H2O(l) (given) By reversing reaction number 1, we can get our targeted reaction: Mg (s) + 0.5 O2(g) MgO(s) Now to calculate the change of enthalpy, which will be the change of enthalpy of formation? 1. 2. Our final result is: 1. Mg (s) + 0.5 O2(g) MgO(s) Random error and percent error: We can calculate the random error by just adding the random errors of the component reactions: 1. 2. 3. As for the percent error: 1. 2. 3. Trial 2: Reaction 1: First, we have to calculate the ΔT by subtracting the final temperature by initial temperature: 1. 2. Now we calculate the mass of the solution, assuming it has the density as water: 1. 2. 3. Now, we can use q=mc ΔT to calculate the energy gained by the solution: 1. 2. 3. Therefore: 1. Now, we have to calculate the number of moles for MgO: 1. 2. 3. We can now calculate the change in enthalpy by dividing the q of the reaction by the moles of the limiting reagent: 1. Now, we do reaction 2, trial 1 so we can use Hess’s law to calculate the change in enthalpy of formation, but first we are going to calculate the uncertainty in this expression: First, we calculate the uncertainty for the: 1. 2. 3. Now for mass: 1. 2. As for the energy gained: 1. 2. Now for the energy of the reaction: 1. It is multiplied by an integer (-1) so it is the same unc. As for the moles: 1. 2. Finally, the change in enthalpy: 1. 2. 3. Reaction 2: First, we have to calculate the ΔT by subtracting the final temperature by initial temperature: 1. 2. Now we calculate the mass of the solution, assuming it has the density as water: 1. 2. 3. Now, we can use q=mc ΔT to calculate the energy gained by the solution: 1. 2. Therefore: 1. Now, we have to calculate the number of moles for MgO: 1. 2. We can now calculate the change in enthalpy by dividing the q of the reaction by the moles of the limiting reagent: 1. I will now calculate the uncertainties: First, we calculate the uncertainty for the: 1. 2. Now for mass: 1. 2. As for the energy gained: 1. 2. Now for the energy of the reaction: 1. It is multiplied by an integer (-1) so it is the same unc. As for the moles: 1. 2. Finally, the change in enthalpy: 1. 2. 3. Now to calculate the change of enthalpy, which will be the change of enthalpy of formation: 1. 2. Our final result is: 1. Mg (s) + 0.5 O2(g) MgO(s) Random error and percent error: We can calculate the random error by just adding the random errors of the component reactions: 1. 2. 3. As for the percent error: 1. 2. 3. Processed data: Trial 1 Trial 2 of reaction 1 -104 kJ/mol ( ± 2.10%) -99 kJ/mol ( ± 2.19%) of reaction 2 -463 kJ/mol ( ± 0.509%) -446 kJ/mol ( ± 0.525%) of MgO -645 kJ/mol ( ± 2.61%) -633 kJ/mol ( ± 2.72%) Conclusion and Evaluation: In this lab, we determined the standard enthalpy change of formation of MgO using Hess’s law. First, we reacted HCl with MgO for the first reaction and got -104 kJ/mol ( ± 2.10%) for trial 1 and -99 kJ/mol ( ± 2.19%) for trial 2. As for reaction 2, where you react, I got -463 kJ/mol ( ± 0.509%) for trial 1 and -446 kJ/mol ( ± 0.525%) for trial 2. When we use Hess’s Law, we have to reverse reaction 1 to get the targeted equation, Mg (s) + 0.5 O2(g) MgO(s), and we get an enthalpy change value of -645 kJ/mol ( ± 2.61%) for trial 1, and -633 kJ/mol ( ± 2.72%) for trial 2. For trial 1, my value got a percent error of 7.14%, which is not that bad considering the weaknesses this lab had that will be discussed in the evaluation. However, in trial 2, I got a better percent error, which is 5.15%, we got a better value because we had a bigger ΔH values thus when adding them (since one of them is positive and the other two is negative) we get a smaller value for the enthalpy change of formation thus bringing us closer to the theoretical value. The biggest weakness in this lab was the impurity of the substances, the assumptions that we made about the HCl solution, for example, we assumed that the specific heat capacity of the solution is the same as water, which is an assumption that is not a 100% accurate and affected our ΔH values for both reactions and eventually our final ΔHf value. To fix this, In the different range of specific heat capacity values, 4.10 j/g k would have been more appropriate to get closer to our theoretical values, as you get a bigger qrxn values thus bigger ΔH values. Another thing that I noticed is that the theoretical value that I got was the â€Å"Standard† enthalpy change of formation. Standard meaning at standard conditions which are at 293 K and 101.3 kPa for pressure. These weren’t the conditions in the lab when I did the experiment. This might alter the experimental value closer to the theoretical value reducing the percent error.

Online Communities Essay examples -- Internet Chats Web Cyberspace Ess

Online Communities Ken Griffey Jr. is a well-known name in the world of Major League Baseball. Before the Seattle Mariners traded Griffey Jr. to the Cincinnati Reds, he was an absolute phenomenal baseball player. Since being traded, he has been nothing but disappointment to the Reds organization. The following is a dialogue between the two members in an online community at ESPN.com. crc29: â€Å""Asked if he's happy that he's still with Cincinnati, Griffey said, "What does it matter? This game is not about being happy. It's about wins and losses.'â€Å" ...and this is the same guy who once said when he was shopping the market that the important thing do is go somewhere where he'll be happy? And he wonders why people always think he's full of crap? Just answer the damn question Griffey, and stop with the "feel sorry for me" type of quotes that are consistently coming out of your mouth on a daily basis! The guy is so melodramatic! That's why he's constantly getting picked on!† (GRIFFEY, 2/24) KREIJO1: â€Å"Initially his intent was to go to Cincinnati under the belief that he would be happy. Things haven’t worked out that way so far. Funny how you jump Griffey who has never been arrested, never beat his wife, never done drugs and you attack him for the types of quotes he makes. Get off his back and go after someone who deserves it. Why does his alleged melodrama annoy you so much? He's a harmless fvcking athlete and you despise him but don’t know d1ck about him personally. Get off your soapbox your opinion, like your knowledge of Griffey is worthless.† (GRIFFEY, 2/24) crc29: "I didn't get on him for beating his wife. I got on him for being a whiney bi!tch......which he is. So King Kenny is unhappy...how the he... ... was in â€Å"The Virtual Community† by Rheingold (92). People came to the websites sharing same interests, and purpose. It is also similar because there is no actual face-to-face contact with the community. Therefore, it allows them to speak liberally as they wanted, without having to worry about confrontation. The cohesive relationships were shown at the Yankees forum rather than the MLB main directory. The competitive relationships were formed through disagreement and vulgar languages. The competition drives people to research more statistics to ambush their opposition, which I think is a good effect of competition because it helps them learn more about their favorite topic. Overall, I believe that these online communities are a positive aspect of society and people should keep using and share their experiences, ideas, and thoughts on their common interests.

Bata Lockout Case Study Essay

For Bata, labor had always posed major problems. Strikes seemed to be a perennial problem. Much before the assault case, Bata’s chronically restive factory at Batanagar had always plagued by labor strife. In 1992, the factory was closed for four and a half months. In 1995, Bata entered into a 3-year bipartite agreement with the workers, represented by the then 10,000 strong BMU, which also had the West Bengal government as a signatory. On July 21, 1998, Weston was severely assaulted by four workers at the company’s factory at Batanagar, while he was attending a business meet. The incident occurred after a member of BMU, Arup Dutta, met Weston to discuss the issue of the suspended employees. Dutta reportedly got into a verbal duel with Weston, upon which the other workers began to shout slogans. When Weston tried to leave the room the workers turned violent and assaulted him. This was the second attack on an officer after Weston took charge of the company, the first one being the assault on the chief welfare officer in 1996. In February 1999, a lockout was declared in Bata’s Faridabad Unit. Middleton commented that the closure of the unit would not have much impact on the company’s revenues as it was catering to lower-end products such as canvas and Hawaii chappals. The lock out lasted for eight months. In October 1999, the unit resumed production when Bata signed a three-year wage agreement. On March 8, 2000, a lockout was declared at Bata’s Peenya factory in Bangalore, following a strike by its employee union. The new leadership of the union had refused to abide by the wage agreement, which was to expire in August 2001. Following the failure of its negotiations with the union, the management decided to go for a lock out. Bata management was of the view that though it would have to bear the cost of maintaining an idle plant (Rs. 3 million), the effect of the closures on sales and production would be minimal as the footwear manufactured in the factory could be shifted to the company’s other factories and associate manufacturers. The factory had 300 workers on its rolls and manufactured canvas and PVC footwear. In July 2000, Bata lifted the lockout at the Peenya factory. However, some of the workers opposed the company’s move to get an undertaking from the factory employees to resume work. The employees demanded revocation of suspension against 20 of their fellow employees. They also demanded that conditions such as maintaining normal production schedule, conforming to standing orders and the settlement in force should not be insisted upon. In September 2000, Bata was again headed for a labour dispute when the BMU asked the West Bengal government to intervene in what it perceived to be a downsizing exercise being undertaken by the management. BMU justified this move by alleging that the management has increased outsourcing of products and also due to perceived declining importance of the Batanagar unit. The union said that Bata has started outsourcing the Power range of fully manufactured shoes from China, compared to the earlier outsourcing of only assembly and sewing line job. The company’s production of Hawai chappals at the Batanagar unit too had come down by 58% from the weekly capacity of 0. 144 million pairs. These steps had resulted in lower income for the workers forcing them to approach the government for saving their interests. PS: Weston resigned on January 30, 2001. This came as a severe setback to the Bata management.

Cursive Writing Essay

Cursive writing is important because the tactile discipline involved in cursive writing is not found in any other writing forms. The student learns how to control writing tools which helps the learner master rules of formatting. When a student is able to follow rules, he will master creating his own set of values. Cursive writing that entails more hand and eye coordination helps the student use varying skills. Cursive writing also practices visual talent of the child. With proper cursive writing, note taking which is a life skill will definitely be effective in helping the child transform into a productive adult of society. III. Practice writing of letters e, l, g, q and i will assume that the student has learned a, o, c and d. Words that can be formed from these letters, that can be practiced as well are; leg, eel, gel, quail, goal and glad. IV. Teaching activities that provide adequate modelling and oppportunities for practice. a. repeatitive cursive practice Cursive practice is often done using the lined paper with blue, red and blue lines. The child follows a dotted line to practice the letters in the first line. The dotted lines disappear as the practice progress. b. writing non-words A fun way to practice cursive writing of letters is imagining words that do not have meaning and writing it alternately with a partner. The more words the student can think of given a set of letters, the more practice will be done in a fun way. c. filling in the blanks This practice entails preparing sentences with blanks. The words will be written by the student in curive format. References: Berninger, V., & Graham, S. (1998). Language by hand: A synthesis of a decade of research on handwriting. Handwriting Review, 12, 11-25. Connelly, V. , Dockrell, J. , & Barnett, J. (2005). The slow handwriting of undergraduate students constrains overall performance in exam essays. Educational Psychology, 25, 99-107. Edwards, L. (2003). Writing instruction in kindergarten: Examining an emerging area of research for children with writing and reading difficulties. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 36, 136. Zaner-Bloser, Inc. http://www. zaner-bloser. com/html/HWgen. html

Music Therapy Essay Example

Music Therapy Essay Example Music Therapy Essay Music Therapy Essay Music therapy is used to treat people for various reasons and there are multiple styles of treatment presently being used. Music therapy is an effective form of therapy that is used on people of all ages to improve quality of life. Music therapy has been used in the medical industry for more than 60 years and there are many people who have no idea what it is. During W. W. I. , music therapy in the United States began to develop when music was used in the Veterans Administration Hospitals as an intervention to address traumatic war injuries. There were several musicians who were not working and they would go to the Veteran hospitals to play for the injured soldiers. â€Å"Numerous doctors and nurses witnessed the effect music had on veterans psychological, physiological, cognitive, and emotional state† (University Hospitals Health Systems, 2005-2008, para. 2). Many years ago it would be so hard to find a music therapist, but now music therapists are available in many different locations and facilities. Some of the most common places to find a music therapist are in rehabilitation centers, mental health centers, psychiatric hospitals, daycare treatments centers, medical hospitals, senior centers, drug and alcohol programs, correctional facilities, developmentally disabled persons, schools, and private practice (American Music Therapy Association, 1999). Music therapy has evolved significantly throughout the years, and there are multiple areas in the medical field that are working together to incorporate different techniques of music therapy. For instance, â€Å"Music therapists work collaboratively with physicians, social workers and other hospital staff to create interventions designed to promote wellness, manage stress, alleviate pain, express feelings, enhance memory, improve communication and promote physical rehabilitation† (UCSF, 2003, para. 4). Today music is used for therapy in a variety of ways to treat and heal people who are suffering from a variety of different medical disorders. Additionally, music therapy is used for breathing and heart rate as well as improving ones state of mind. Research has shown that music has a profound effect on your body and psyche† (Scott, 2007, para. 1). Music is considered to be a form of sensory that provokes different responses due to the security that it provides to individuals. More than likely, everyone has his or her own type of musical therapy. For example, people who are depressed might listen to their favorite to brighten their mood. Another example would be someone playing their favorite compact disc when they are angry or upset to calm themselves (Sparks, 2007). There are some common misconceptions about music therapy such as, patients who have to have some kind of music ability in order to be responsive to the treatment, and they do not. In addition, another misconception is that one or more particular styles of music are more beneficial than others styles and that is not the case. There are varieties of therapy styles that are used today; the focus of the therapy styles is to engage the clients in a musical occurrence. Music therapists design the music sessions to suit individuals and groups for the client’s specific needs such as â€Å"using music improvisation, receptive music listening, song writing, lyric discussion, music, and imagery, music performance, and learning through music† (American Music Therapy Association, Inc. , 1999, para. 2). Additionally there are some styles of music therapy where the patient or client will use an instrument to express unspoken emotions, or for the purpose of improving their motor skills. Music therapy is used on multiple people for treating a variety of different conditions. The therapy can be used on children, adolescents, adults, and elderly. Music therapy is also used for treating people with mental health requirements, developmentally disabled individuals, Alzheimer’s disease, and further age related conditions. Research shows that the power of music and rhythm can be very beneficial for the elderly and Alzheimer’s patients. There are many nursing homes using music to assist elderly and Alzheimer’s patients with memory conditions. In addition, music therapy is beneficial for people who suffer from substance abuse, brain injuries, and acute pain, to mothers who are in labor (American Music Therapy Association, Inc. , 1999). Music Therapy has had numerous clinical studies to suggest that not only musical therapy is an effective means of treatment, but the sound of music is soothing and comfortable, and it lowers cortisol, a stress hormone, as much as 25%. The music can reduce pain for patients who have come out of surgery, decreases nausea with patients who are receiving chemotherapy, and increases awareness of self and environment. A study conducted at Yale University School of medicine proved that patients who were awake during a surgical procedure listening to their favorite music need lower doses of pain medication than patients who did not listen to music (Syed, 2006). Developmentally disabled individuals and individuals with mental health needs are also receptive and benefit from music therapy. Music therapy for autistic individuals has helped to teach social interacting, encouraging the desire to communicate, and minimizing non-communicative speech. As far as autism is concerned, studies have shown that music therapy has a significant, positive influence when used to treat autistic individuals† (Evans, 2008, para. 3). Children diagnosed with autism are very receptive to music therapy. It was stated â€Å"Music Therapy is particularly useful with autistic children owing in part to the nonverbal, non threatening nature of the medium† (Staum, 2008, para. 3). Music therapy for mental health patie nts uses the therapeutic form of music as a means of communication and self-expression. The point of the therapy is to assist the individuals by helping to develop relationships and to face issues that they may not have been able to face using words only. One of the reasons that the music therapy is successful, is because it can incorporate active music making and music listening. While music therapy can treat people with different illnesses and disabilities, it can improve the quality of life for healthy people as well. Music can help individuals relate to other people, it can distract people from daily anxiety and provides an overall enjoyable experience. Every individual who practices some method of music therapy can improve, his or her own quality of life, whether it is someone who is healthy, ill, or disabled. Music is a positive influence used for physical, emotional, and cognitive well-being. For instance, someone who listens or performs music is benefiting from it. The presence of a music therapist is not necessary (Natural Standard, 2008). Music has always been said not only to be motivating, but also relaxing, and can be beneficial for everyone. Music or soothing sounds can be used as relaxation for any individual, and does not need to be monitored by music professionals. Many people are under the impression that music therapy is preformed using computer generated styles, but music therapy uses interactive instruments. The most common interactive instruments are the guitar, autoharp, piano, and keyboards because they can engage a client in musical activities. There are also handheld percussive instruments used such as the drums, maracas, tambourines, wood blocks, and chimes. The percussive instruments can potentially enhance the musical therapy experience by providing stimulation. In addition, picture cards and instrument pictures can aid patients in making a choice of what they would like to use, while puppets can help create a fun interactive experience (The Fine Arts Association, 2008). Like any form of therapy, every potential patient or client would undergo an assessment to participate in a music therapy program. During a typical assessment appointment, the music therapist would take the individual and expose them to a variety of instruments and different music. The music therapist will observe the individuals interactions with the music and instruments. The therapist is observing the individuals motor skills, behavior communication, and cognitive skills. After the assessment, the music therapist would then meet with the parents or caregivers to discuss goals of the music therapy. To conclude, music therapy has been around for several years and began when music was played for veterans who were injured in the W. W. I. and doctors and nurses noticed that the music affected the patients in a positive manner. Over 60 years later, music has come a long way with aiding people who are suffering from mental illness, pain, breathing, sleep disorders, and several other conditions. Doctors and other types of physicians collaborate with music therapists to assist their patients in a healing type of treatment with the assistance of music. Music therapy is not just listening to music anymore; it is engaging the patient in a making music, singing, and several other types of treatment. Most everyone has his or her own type of music therapy, although they might not know it. This type of therapy benefits children and adults and is proven to improve the quality of life whether a person is ill or healthy. Music therapy is a beneficial treatment that has been used in the past, present, and will continue to be used effectively. References: Evans, Rachel, (2008) The Benefits of Music Therapy for Autism. Ezine Articles Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http://ezinearticles. com/? The-Benefits-of-Music-Therapy-for-Autism=432566 Frequently Asked Questions About Music Therapy. (1999) American Music Therapy Association, Inc. Retrieved May 25, 2008 from musictherapy. org/faqs. html#WHAT_IS_THE_HISTORY History of Music Therapy. (2005-2008) University Hospitals Health Systems Retrieved May 23, 2008, from musicasmedicine. com/about/history. cfm Music Therapy Services. (2003-2008) The Fine Arts Association Retrieved June 9, 2008, from fineartsassociation. org/therapy. html Music Therapy. (1998) Think Quest Retrieved June 5, 2008 from http://library. thinkquest. org/24206/music-therapy. html Music Therapy. (2008) Natural Standard Retrieved June 4, 2008 from aturalstandard. com/index-abstract. asp? create- abstract=/monographs/alternativemodalities/patient-musictherapy. asp Scott, Elizabeth, M. S. (2007) Music and Your Body: How Music Affects Us and Why Music Therapy Promotes Health. About. com Retrieved June 2, 2008, from http://stress. about. com/od/tensiontamers/a/music_therapy. htm Sparks, Alicia, (2007 The Mental Benefits of Music Therapy. Mental Health Notes Retrieved on June 2, 2008, from mentalheal thnotes. com/2007/07/09/the-mental-benefits-of-music-therapy/ Staum, J. Myra, (2008) Music Therapy and Language for the Autistic Child. Autism Research Institute Retrieved June 2, 2008, from autism. com/families/therapy/music. htm Syed, Ibrahim B. Ph. D. (2006) Music Therapy. Islamic Research Foundation International, Inc. Retrieved May 28, 2008, from irfi. org/articles/articles_1_50/music_therapy. htm The Profound Effects of Music on the Mind. (2003) University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Retrieved June 2, 2008 from ucsf. edu/synapse/articles/2008/Apr/17/musictherapy. html

Choose a book that includes a person with a recognisable psychological Essay

Choose a book that includes a person with a recognisable psychological difficulty (schizophrenia). How can we understand the experience of the character that you have chosen Provide a critical discussion - Essay Example The author is a research psychiatrist specifying in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. He is a professor of psychiatry at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Maryland (Torrey, 2006). The male patient exhibited symptoms of schizophrenia with a first incident of psychosis that was difficult for the individual to manage. It also presented significant difficulties to the patient’s family as his behavior was highly unpredictable, changing within a relatively short time span. In some instances, the patient would develop anxiety and anger with every person around him. In the family member’s view, the individual looked confused and apprehensive of family members and friends who are well known to him without any justified reason. The major problem was that it was difficult to convince the person to seek the help of a physician since he did not think that he had a mental health problem. As the problem escalated, the individual continued to develop negative symptoms that deviated from the normal functioning of a healthy person’s mind. He appeared unresponsive to the surrounding nonchalant and apathetic (Torrey, 2006). The first severe episode of psychosis was followed by reduced symptoms that were not easily noticeable. However, the person continued to be socially withdrawn and also began losing awareness of personal hygiene, which kept away friends and many of his relatives. The person lost interest in communal activities in the society and also lacked motivation in life. His lack of interest in family affairs including matrimonial issues broke up his two-year marriage. He could not concentrate on important aspects concerning the living environment and could easily be run over by vehicles as he did not reflect on any potential danger while crossing the road. At times the person would not leave the house and also extended his sleep in an unusual manner. He could

What were the status and the roles of Jews under Islamic Rule Discuss Essay

What were the status and the roles of Jews under Islamic Rule Discuss 3 issues - Essay Example The Nazi forces had committed many atrocities against the Jews. They burnt the papers, which contained many important discoveries of Albert Einstein. The paper presents an overview of Jews under Islamic rule. Muslims used to support other religion generally. Muslims believe Islam is only the religion. Muslims feel that the Jews are wrong in believing theirs is a god’s religion. Muslims accept Jesus as a prophet and messiah whom Christians are worshipping as god. Christians have paid much attention towards Jews in the west, whereas in Muslims countries, the Jews were given less importance but they were wealthy. Christians and Jews are friendly in Europe with good religions atmosphere. Whereas in Muslims countries the Jews were treated as minority amongst other religions which resulted in they did not become intruded in Muslim areas. It’s every country’s responsibility to protect it citizen’s basic human rights. Human rights violation should be considered as a serious offence, legal and appropriate action should be taken against those who violate these rights. Countries like Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia and most of the other Islamic countries don’t even consider providing and implementing basic human rights. Jews comes under the minority section and have been given less importance. In Islamic countries the important hurdle is the Shariat1 law. This law prevents basic amenities to the minority sections. According to this law women were not equal to men, they should always be under veil, only her members could see her face, men can marry as any times as they want, women should get married only once and many other stringent laws are under implementation. The Israel and Palestinian conflict has taken center stage in the world politics. It also reflects a fight between the Jews and Muslims and those who are in support with both the religions respectively. It is seen as a war between